The Beginnings of a Modern Outlook
Locke has been described having the first modern mind. This is because he brought together and fused into a single outlook some of the fundamental concerns of post-medieval thought. Part of his basic message could be put into such words as "Don't unthinkingly follow authorities, whether intellectual, or practical, or religious. And don't unthinkingly follow traditions, or social conventions. Think for yourself. Look at the facts, and try to base your views and your behaviour on how things actually are." It is difficult for us nowadays to understand just how new this message was. It had revolutionary implications in education, in science, in politics, and in philosophy itself.
It was completely at one with the new demand for observation and experiment in science. Locke influenced Newton, and was influenced by him. In education his attitude was opposed to rote learning, and to the study of a curriculum ossified by time and sanctified by tradition: Locke believed that languages should be learned not via grammar but through practice and example; and he wanted less emphasis on calssicl subjects, more on the modern ones. He believed that all human beings have the potential for development, and that preservation of their rights and their freedom is the only legitimate purpose of government.(to be continued) 〈Bryan Magee, The Story of philosophy〉
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