Inclusive economic institutions, such as those in South Korea or in the United States, are those that allow and encourage participation by the great mass of people in economic activities that make best use of their talents and skills and that enable individuals to make the choices they wish. To be inclusive, economic institutions must feature secure private property, an unbiased system of law, and a provision of public services that provides a level playing field in which people can exchange and contract; it also must permit the entry of new business and allow people to choose their careers.
The contrast of South and North Korea, and of the United States and Latin America, illustrates a general principle. Inclusive institutions foster economic activities, productivity growth, and economic prosperity. Secure private property rights are central, since only those with such rights will be willing to invest and increase productivity. A businessman who expects his output to be stolen, expropriated or entirely taxed away will have little incentive to work, let alone any incentive to undertake investments and innovations. But such rights must exist for the majority of people in society.
³²ÇÑ°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Æ÷°ýÀû °æÁ¦Á¦µµ´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ Àç´É°ú ±â¼úÀ» ÃÖ´ë·Î È°¿ëÇÏ°í °³ÀεéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¼±ÅÃÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ´ë´Ù¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °æÁ¦È°µ¿ Âü¿©¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°í ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â Á¦µµÀÌ´Ù. Æ÷°ýÀûÀÌ µÇ±â À§Çؼ´Â °æÁ¦Á¦µµ´Â È®°íÇÑ »çÀ¯Àç»êÀç»ê±Ç°ú ÆíÇâµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹ý·üÁ¦µµ, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±³È¯ÇÏ°í °è¾àÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±â¿ï¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿îµ¿ÀåÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ø°ø¼ºñ½º ±ÔÁ¤À» Ư¡À¸·Î °®Ãß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº (Æ÷°ýÀû °æÁ¦) ¶ÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÁøÀÔÀ» Çã¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »õ·Î¿î Á÷¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
³²ÇÑ°ú ºÏÇÑ, ±×¸®°í ¹Ì±¹°ú ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ´ëÁ¶´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÄ¢À» ¿¹½ÃÇÑ´Ù. Æ÷°ýÀû Á¦µµ´Â °æÁ¦ È°µ¿°ú, »ý»ê¼º ¼ºÀå°ú °æÁ¦Àû ¹ø¿µÀ» ÃËÁøÇÑ´Ù. È®°íÇÑ »çÀ¯Àç»ê±ÇÀÌ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÏ°í »ý»ê¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°·Á°í ÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý»ê¹°ÀÌ µµµÏÁú´çÇÏ°í ¸ô¼ö´çÇÏ°í ÀüºÎ ¼¼±ÝÀ¸·Î »©¾Ñ±â´Â ±â¾÷°¡´Â ÅõÀÚ³ª Çõ½ÅÀº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾ø°í ÀÏÇÒ ÀÇ¿åÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ç¸®´Â »çȸÀÇ ´Ù¼ö »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ Á¸ÀçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
*Çؼ³:
Àΰ£Àº ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÏ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺êó·³ ³«¿ø¿¡ »ì°Ô ÇÏ¿©µµ Á˸¦ Áþ°í ÂѰܳª±âµµ ÇÏ´Â ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ´Ù½º·Áµµ ½º½º·Î ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ À¯È¤¿¡ ³Ñ¾î°¡¼ Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ±¼·¯ ¶³¾îÁö±âµµ ÇÏ´Â ±×·± ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº µî µû½Ã°í ¹èºÎ¸£°Ô Àß »ì¾Æµµ ½º½º·Î ¾Ç·ÉÀ» ¿ì»óÀ¸·Î ¼þ¹èÇÏ¸é¼ ÆĸêÀ» ÀÚÃÊÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ´Â ÇѽÉÇÑ Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¶¼¸¦ Áö¾î Á¤Ä¡Àû ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾Ç·É¿¡°Ô Àß ³Ñ¾î°£´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÃâÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡È°µ¿¿¡¼´Â ¼ÒÀ§ ´ëÁßÀÇ ÁöÇý°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´ëÁßÀÌ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ °°Àº ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ À̳信 ¸ôÀÔÇÏ¿© ÆĸêÀ» ÀÚÃÊÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ºñÀϺñÀçÇÏ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ¿Í ¹ýÄ¡ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀÌ ¾Æ¿¹ ¾ø°Å³ª ªÀº ³ª¶óÀÇ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ºÐº°·ÂÀ» »ó½ÇÇÏ°í ¾Ç·ÉÀ̳ª ¾Ç·ÉÀÇ À̳信 Á¦¹°ÀÌ µÇ±â ½±´Ù.
ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ·Î ¼º°øÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ Áö±Ý °ø»êÁÖÀǾǷɵé°ú Èû°Ü¿î ½Î¿òÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áý±Ç¾Ç·ÉµéÀÇ À§¼¼°¡ Çϵµ µîµîÇÏ¿© ³ª¶ó°¡ ¸ÁÇÒ °Í °°´Ù´Â ºÒ¾È°¨ÀÌ ÆعèÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡µµ ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ 70³âÀÇ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¹®¸íÀÌ ºÓÀº ¾Ç·ÉµéÀ» ÅðÄ¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ªÁö¸¸ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ·Î ÈÆ·ÃµÈ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ ºÓÀº ¾Ç·ÉµéÀ» Âѳª ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® °£±³ÇÑ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ ¾Ç·ÉÀÌ¶óµµ ¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎÀ» Ç×»ó ¼ÓÀÏ ¼ö´Â ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ºÐº°·ÂÀ» Ç×»ó »ó½ÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.