¹Ì±¹¿¡°Ô ½Ä·®À» ±¸°ÉÇØ¾ß Çß´ø ¼Ò·Ã, ¿Ö?

FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (17) °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯, ¼±Áø¹®¸íÀÇ Á¶°Ç-¥´

But independence of action, and disregard of custom, are not solely deserving of encouragement for the chance they afford that better modes of action, and customs more worthy of general adoption, may be struck out; nor is it only persons of decided mental superiority who have a just claim to carry on their lives in their own way. There is no reason that all human existence should be constructed on some one or some small number of patterns. If a person possesses any tolerable amount of common sense and experience, his own mode of laying out his existence is the best, not because it is best in itself, but because it is his own mode. 


Human beings are not like sheep; and even sheep are not undistinguishably alike. A man cannot get a coat or a pair of boots to fit him, unless they are made to his measure, or he has a whole warehouseful to choose from: and is it easier to fit him with a life than with a coat, or are human beings more like one another in their whole physical and spiritual conformation than in the shape of their feet? If it were only that people have diversities of taste, that is reason enough for not attempting to shape them all after one model. But different persons also require different conditions for their spiritual development; and can no more exist healthily in the same moral, than all the variety of plants can in the same physical, atmosphere and climate.(J.S. Mill, On Liberty)


ÇൿÀÇ µ¶¸³°ú °ü½À¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«½Ã´Â º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº Çൿ¾ç½Ä°ú »çȸ Àü¹ÝÀû(general)À¸·Î äÅÃÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ü½ÀÀÌ °³Ã´(strike out)µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ£Û±×°Íµé(µ¶¸³°ú ¹«½Ã)ÀÌ Á¦°øÇϴ£ݸ¦ À§Çؼ­ Àå·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °¡Ä¡¸¸ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù; ȤÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î »îÀ» »ì¾Æ°¥ Á¤´çÇÑ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¿ùÇÑ Á¤½Å´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷¸¸Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ »ýÁ¸ÀÌ ¾î¶² °³ÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¸ðÇü(patterns)¿¡ µû¶ó ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀÌ ¿ëÀÎ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¾çÀÇ »ó½Ä°ú °æÇèÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ýÁ¸À» ÆîÄ¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹æ½Ä(mode)ÀÌ, ±×°ÍÀÌ ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­ ÃÖ¼±À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ µÈ´Ù.


Àΰ£Á¸Àç´Â ¾ç¶¼¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾çµéµµ ±¸º° ¸øÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ¶È °°Áö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¾çº¹À̳ª ½Å¹ßÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Ä¡¼ö¿¡ ¸ÂÃ߾ ¸¸µé¾î Áö°Å³ª °ñ¶ó¾ß ÇÒ ¿ÊÀ̳ª ½Å¹ßÀÌ Ã¢°íÇϳª °¡µæÈ÷ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ±×¿¡°Ô ¸Â´Â °ÍÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. »îÀ» ±×¿¡°Ô ¸ÂÃß´Â °ÍÀÌ ½Å¹ßº¸´Ù ´õ ½¬¿ï °ÍÀΰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é Àΰ£Àº ½Å¹ßÀÇ Çüź¸´Ù´Â Àüü À°Ã¼Àû Á¤½ÅÀû ±¸Á¶¿¡ À־ »óÈ£°£¿¡ ´õ ºñ½ÁÇÑ°¡? »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÃëÇâÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµç Àΰ£À» ÇϳªÀÇ Æ²¿¡ ¸ÂÃ߾ ¸¸µé·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ßÇÒ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¢°¢ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤½ÅÀû ¹ß´ÞÀ» À§ÇÑ °¢°¢ ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ µµ´öÀû Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ »ì¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ½Ä¹°µéÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬Àû (physical) ȯ°æ(atmosphere)°ú ±âÈÄ¿¡¼­ »ì ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù.



* Çؼ³:

µ¿¼­³ÃÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¼Ò·ÃÀº Ç×»ó ½Ä·®ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª ÈæÅäÁö´ë µî ¼¼°è ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ³óÅ並 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­µµ Çظ¶´Ù ½Ä·®À» ¼öÀÔÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ±×°Íµµ Àû´ë±¹ÀÎ ¹Ì±¹À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁÖ·Î ¼öÀÔÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ì±¹Àº Çظ¶´Ù ½Ä·®ÀÌ °úÀ×»ý»êµÇ¾î ½Ä·®À» ´ë·®À¸·Î ÇØ¿Ü·Î ¼öÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù. °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶óµé¿¡°Ô´Â ¹«»óÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Áֱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÃÖºó±¹À̾ú´ø Çѱ¹µµ ±×·± ³ª¶ó Áß Çϳª¿´´Ù.


¹Ì±¹°ú ¼Ò·ÃÀÌ ¶È°°ÀÌ ±¤´ëÇÑ ³óÅ並 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ¼Ò·ÃÀº ½Ä·®»ý»ê ¹Ì´Þ·Î °ñ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾Î°í ¹Ì±¹Àº »ý»ê°úÀ×À¸·Î °ñ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾Î¾Ò´Ù. ¿Ö? üÁ¦ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹Àº ³ó¹ÎÀÌ Àڱ⠼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ ÅäÁö¿¡¼­ °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ³ó»ç¸¦ Áö¾ú°í ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ³ó¹ÎÀº ±¹°¡¼ÒÀ¯ÀÇ Áý´Ü³óÀå¿¡¼­ Áý´ÜÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹ ³ó¹ÎµéÀº ¼Ò·Ã ³ó¹Îµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ´õ âÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¹Ì±¹Àº Àüü ³óÅä¿¡¼­ ³ó»ç¸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸é Àü ±¹¹ÎÀÌ 3³â ¸ÔÀ» ½Ä·®ÀÌ »ý»ê µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â °úÀ×»ý»êÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ³ó»ê¹°°¡°Ý Æø¶ôÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇÏ¿© ³ó¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ¹è»ó±Ý±îÁö ÁöºÒÇϸ鼭 ÀϺÎÀÇ ¶¥À» ³î¸®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³ó¹ÎµéÀº ÈÞ°æÀÇ º¸»ó±ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ì±â°í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¶¥¿¡´Ù ºñ·á¸¦ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖ°í ÀÛ¹°°ü¸®¸¦ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÇÏ¿© »ý»ê·®À» ´õ ³ôÀδÙ. ±×·¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹Àº Çظ¶´Ù ½Ä·®ÀÌ ³²¾Æµ¹¾Æ °ñ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾Î°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¼Ò·ÃÀÇ Áý´Ü ³óÀå ÀϱºµéÀº ³ó¶¯À̸¦ ºÎ·È´Ù. ³ó³ë¿Í ´Ù¸¦ ¹Ù ¾ø¾ú´ø ³ó¹ÎµéÀº ¾Æħ¿¡ Ãâ±ÙÇؼ­ ¼úºÎÅÍ ¸¶¼Ì´Ù. ¾¾¾ÑÀº ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â °÷¿¡´Â Á¦´ë·Î »Ñ¸®°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ´ëÃæ Èð¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. ºñ·á´Â °­¹°¿¡ ¹ö¸®´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀϵéÀÌ ºñÀϺñÀçÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àڱ⠰ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ï±î ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹«¸® µ¶·Á¸¦ ÇÏ°í ¶§·Î´Â ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô Ã³¹úÇÏ¿©µµ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.


Àΰ£Àº Áý´Üº¸´Ù´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÏÇÒ ¶§ ´õ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹ ³ó¹ÎµéÀº ¼Ò·Ã ³ó¹Îµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ´õ âÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹Àº »ó½ÃÀû ½Ä·®°úÀ× »ý»ê±¹À̾ú°í ¼Ò·ÃÀº »ó½ÃÀû ½Ä·®ºÎÁ·±¹°¡°¡ µÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


  • Æ®À§ÅÍ
  • ÆäÀ̽ººÏ
  • ¡èÀ§·Î
Copyright ¨Ï Á¶°©Á¦´åÄÄ - ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷ ±ÝÁö
´ñ±Û´Þ±â ´ñ±Û¾²±â ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×

´ñ±Û´Þ±â´Â ·Î±×ÀÎÈÄ »ç¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³»¿ëÀº 100ÀÚ À̳»·Î Àû¾îÁֽʽÿÀ. ±¤°í, ¿å¼³, ºñ¼Ó¾î, ÀνŰø°Ý°ú ÇØ´ç ±Û°ú °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ±ÛÀº »çÀüÅ뺸¾øÀÌ »èÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù.

  • bestkorea 2021-11-02 ¿ÀÈÄ 4:35

    Quite agree that humans work harder when they work
    for themselves than for others.

    It's natural that the socialist and communist systems
    that interfere with human instincts will collapse.

    Thanks. Have a great day.

PC ¹öÀü