몇년 전 영국 보수당의 마이클 하워드 의원이 보수주의에 대한 자신의 신조(16개항)를 신문 광고를 통해 공개했다.


나는 믿는다.

1. 자신은 물론 가족의 건강과 富·행복을 추구하는 것이 인간의 本性이라고 나는 믿는다.

2.국민이 인간 本然의 야망을 추구하지 못하도록 막는 장애를 제거하기 위해 헌신하는 것이 정치인의 의무라고 나는 믿는다.

3. 국민은 그들이 삶의 주인이고 간섭과 지나친 통제를 받지 않을 때 가장 행복하다고 나는 믿는다.

4. 국민은 커야 하며 정부는 작아야 한다고 나는 믿는다.

5. 관료·형식주의, 갖가지 규정과 조사관, 각종 위원회와 정부기관이 국민을 보호하기 위해 만들어졌지만 인간 행복에 기여하지 않는다고 나는 믿는다.

6. 모든 국민은 잠재 능력을 최대한 발휘할 수 있는 기회를 가져야 한다고 나는 믿는다.

7. 책임없는 자유는 있을 수 없으며 스스로 돌보지 못하는 사람들을 돌보는 것은 우리의 의무라고 나는 믿는다.

8. 불공평은 우리를 분노하게 하며 기회 균등이야말로 중요한 가치임을 나는 믿는다.

9. 부모는 자녀에게 자신들이 받았던 것보다 더 나은 교육을 제공하기를 원한다고 나는 믿는다.

10. 모든 어린이는 자신들의 부모가 老後 평안하기를 바란다고 나는 믿는다.

11. 영국인들은 그들이 자유로울 때만이 행복하다고 나는 믿는다.

12. 영국은 어떤 경우에도 자유를 수호해야 한다고 나는 믿는다.

13. 행운과 타고난 재능·노력, 그리고 富의 다양성을 통해서만이 섬나라인 영국이 고귀한 과거와 약동하는 미래를 가진 위대한 사람들의 고향이 될 수 있다고 믿는다. 나는 그들의 종이 되는 것이 행복하다.

나는 믿지 않는다

14. 누군가 부자이기 때문에 또 다른 사람이 가난해졌다고 나는 믿지 않는다.

15. 누군가 지식이 있고 교육을 받았기 때문에 또 다른 사람이 무식해졌다고 나는 믿지 않는다.

16. 누군가 건강하기 때문에 또 다른 누군가가 병들게 됐다고 나는 믿지 않는다.

..............................................
카이로를 중심으로 주요 도시에서 대규모 반정부 시위가 벌어지고 있다. 오늘 최대규모의 시위가 예정되어 있다. 30년간 독재를 하고 있는 무바라크 대통령은 1960년 李承晩 대통령이 직면했던 것과 비슷한 상황에 있다.

失業상태의 청년층이 시위를 주도한다. 대통령은 80세를 넘어 결단력이 약해졌다. 시위가 격화될 때 군인과 경찰이 발포명령을 내릴지 여부도 불투명하다. 독재정부는 진압군이 발포를 거부하면 무너진다. 전 IAEA(국제원자력 기구) 사무총장으로서 노벨 평화상을 받은 모하메드 엘바라데이가 오스트리아에서 귀국, 시위에 참여할 것이라고 선언하였다. 그가 反정부 시위의 구심점이 될 가능성이 있다. 미국 정부는 내심 親美노선을 충실히 걸어온 이집트의 안정을 원하지만, 무바라크 몰락 이후를 겨냥한 路線전환을 모색하고 있는 듯하다.

오늘 시위에 학생들이 가담할지 여부가 주목된다. 1908년에 開校한 카이로 대학은 학생수가 20만 명에, 교직원수가 1만2000여 명이다. 이집트뿐 아니라 중동 여러 나라의 학생들이 이 학교에서 공부한다. 중동의 人材 양성소이다. 만약 카이로 대학생들이 무바라크 정권에 반대하는 시위에 참여한다면 큰 변혁이 이뤄질 가능성이 높다.

카이로 대학의 유명한 졸업생으론 부트로스 부트로스 갈리 전 유엔 사무총장, 야셀 아라파트 PLO 의장(사망), 배우 오마 샤리프, 이라크의 독재자 후세인(사망), 전 국제원자력 기구 사무총장 엘바라데이, 알카에다의 2인자 알 자화이리 등이 있다.

인구면에서 중동의 최대 국가인 이집트의 政情불안은 중동뿐 아니라 세계적인 영향을 미친다. 이집트는 외교적으로, 문화적으로, 사상적으로 중동의 지도국이라 할 만하다. 1952년

카이로를 중심으로 주요 도시에서 대규모 반정부 시위가 벌어지고 있다. 오늘 최대규모의 시위가 예정되어 있다. 30년간 독재를 하고 있는 무바라크 대통령은 1960년 李承晩 대통령이 직면했던 것과 비슷한 상황에 있다.

失業상태의 청년층이 시위를 주도한다. 대통령은 80세를 넘어 결단력이 약해졌다. 시위가 격화될 때 군인과 경찰이 발포명령을 내릴지 여부도 불투명하다. 독재정부는 진압군이 발포를 거부하면 무너진다. 전 IAEA(국제원자력 기구) 사무총장으로서 노벨 평화상을 받은 모하메드 엘바라데이가 오스트리아에서 귀국, 시위에 참여할 것이라고 선언하였다. 그가 反정부 시위의 구심점이 될 가능성이 있다. 미국 정부는 내심 親美노선을 충실히 걸어온 이집트의 안정을 원하지만, 무바라크 몰락 이후를 겨냥한 路線전환을 모색하고 있는 듯하다.

오늘 시위에 학생들이 가담할지 여부가 주목된다. 1908년에 開校한 카이로 대학은 학생수가 20만 명에, 교직원수가 1만2000여 명이다. 이집트뿐 아니라 중동 여러 나라의 학생들이 이 학교에서 공부한다. 중동의 人材 양성소이다. 만약 카이로 대학생들이 무바라크 정권에 반대하는 시위에 참여한다면 큰 변혁이 이뤄질 가능성이 높다.

카이로 대학의 유명한 졸업생으론 부트로스 부트로스 갈리 전 유엔 사무총장, 야셀 아라파트 PLO 의장(사망), 배우 오마 샤리프, 이라크의 독재자 후세인(사망), 전 국제원자력 기구 사무총장 엘바라데이, 알카에다의 2인자 알 자화이리 등이 있다.







Cairo, Egypt (CNN) On the eve of massive displays of anti-government ferment across the world's most populous Arab nation, opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei arrived in Cairo and said "there is no going back" on change.

ElBaradei, the Egyptian Nobel laureate, said people have taken to the streets because they "realize the regime is not listening, not acting."

"The barrier of fear is broken," ElBaradei said after he arrived in Egypt from Europe on Thursday. "And it will not come back."

The county has been bracing for a huge outpouring of protests after Friday prayers.



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The Muslim Brotherhood has called for its followers to demonstrate after the weekly Muslim prayers, the first time in the current round of unrest that the largest opposition bloc has told supporters to take to the streets.

Now ElBaradei has said he will take part in the protests and passed along "advice to the regime: It's now the time to listen to the people. Make an innocent collective change."

He called for demonstrations to be peaceful and for the government of President Hosni Mubarak to stop detaining and torturing people. He said that a violent response from the government is "counterproductive" and that the regime should promote democracy and social justice.

"I am asking the regime to listen to the people before it is too late," the opposition leader said, adding that he hopes to help broker a peaceful resolution to the unrest.

The U.S. Embassy in Cairo issued a message Thursday telling Americans that "areas where people congregate after Friday prayers should be avoided."

"While many of the demonstrations have focused on the downtown Cairo/Tahrir Square area, violent confrontations have occurred at other locations both in the Cairo metropolitan area and in Alexandria, Suez, and other cities," it said.

President Barack Obama urged the Egyptian government and demonstrators to refrain from violence.

"It is very important that people have mechanisms in order to express legitimate grievances," he said Thursday.

With all eyes in the country focused on the protests, some events have been suspended. The Egyptian football federation has decided to postpone games scheduled for Friday and Saturday until further notice, according to Egypt's official news agency.

There was still a smattering of street protesters on Thursday after massive public protests on Tuesday and Wednesday calling for the ouster of Mubarak convulsed the nation and prompted a tough security crackdown.

Cairo was quiet Thursday compared with previous days, but there appear to have been smaller skirmishes, and more are anticipated as night comes.

In Suez, the port city east of Cairo on the Gulf of Suez, people congregated to demand the release of those detained, and clashes broke out between demonstrators and security forces. The city has long been home to resentment against the government for economic and social reasons.

Hani Abdel Latif, an Interior Ministry official, said that 50 people demonstrated peacefully in Ismaeliya. But there were news reports of clashes there.

In Egypt's Sinai region, there were clashes between security forces and protesters, television footage of the scene showed.

Egypt briefly closed its stock market Thursday after it fell sharply. It reopened about an hour later.

At the same time, Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party made reference to the discontent on the streets. Secretary-General Safwat al-Sherif said the party wants to talk with the youths who have been at the forefront of the protests.

The protest movement in Egypt has been fueled by blogs and social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. ElBaradei, who is also the former head of the United Nations' nuclear watchdog agency, has been posting messages of support for the demonstrators on Twitter.

"We shall continue to exercise our right of peaceful demonstration and restore our freedom & dignity. Regime violence will backfire badly," he said in one of his latest tweets.

A Facebook page devoted to Friday's planned protests had more than 80,000 followers as of 2 p.m. ET Thursday, compared with 20,000 the previous day.

As he was waiting to leave Vienna, Austria, ElBaradei said he was going to Egypt to "make sure that things will be managed in a peaceful way."

"I have to give them as much support, political support, spiritual, moral support, whatever I can do, you know," he said. "I will be with them. They are my people, and I have to be there, and I'd like to see Egypt, a new Egypt."

In an interview Tuesday on CNN's "Connect the World," ElBaradei disputed a recent comment by U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton that the Egyptian government is stable.

"Stability is when you have a government that is elected on a free and fair basis. And we have seen, you know, how the election has been rigged in Egypt. We have seen how people have been tortured," he said.

ElBaradei was asked whether he would run for the presidency of Egypt.

"The priority for me," he said, "is to shift Egypt into a democracy, is to catch up with the 21st century, to get Egypt to be a modern and ... moderate society and respecting human rights, respecting the basic freedoms of the people.

"Whether I run or not, that is totally irrelevant. And I made it very clear, I will not run under the present conditions, when the deck is stacked completely."

The outpouring of protests has led to unprecedented violence this week.

Police turned water cannons and tear gas on protesters Wednesday to try to break up anti-government demonstrations as the Interior Ministry warned it "will not allow any provocative movement or a protest or rallies or demonstrations."

In the heart of Cairo, people were being beaten with sticks and fists and demonstrators were being dragged away amid tear gas. Witnesses saw security forces harassing journalists and photographers. Demonstrations continued into the nighttime hours.

In Suez, state-run Nile News TV reported violent clashes Wednesday night between security forces and protesters.

At least 27 people were wounded, Nile News said, most of them police officers. Quoting provincial officials, the station said most of the clashes took place in the Alarbeen neighborhood and that looters attacked some shops.

The Muslim Brotherhood said 35 people were injured in Suez and that security forces in the city had implemented a curfew there Wednesday night.

Families and friends of people slain in Suez said angry demonstrations occurred because police didn't hand over the bodies of those killed.











Boutros Boutros-Ghali is an Egyptian diplomat and was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. He graduated from Cairo University in 1946 and earned a PhD in international law from the University of Paris as well as a diploma in international relations from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris.

Mohamed Hassanein HeikalMohamed Hassanein Heikal is a prominent Egyptian journalist. He served as the editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram (1957?). Mr. Heikal has been a respected commentator on Middle East affairs for more than 50 years.

Yasser ArafatYasser Arafat was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969?), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) (1993?) and a co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize alongside Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin, for the successful negotiations of the 1993 Oslo Accords. He graduated from the King Fuad Cairo University Faculty of Engineering in 1956. While there, he joined the Muslim Brotherhood and served as president of the Union of Palestinian Students from 1952 to 1956. [


Mohamed ElBaradeiMohamed ElBaradei is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency. He was born in Egypt in 1942 and earned a Bachelor's degree in Law from the University of Cairo in 1962 and a Doctorate in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974. He won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize.

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein was the President of Iraq from 1979 until he lost power over Iraq when American troops arrived in Baghdad on April 9, 2003. He entered the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1962 and left to return to Iraq in 1964. He also attended Mustanseriya University in Baghdad. He was executed on December 30, 2006 for crimes against humanity. [13][14][15][16]


Omar Sharif is an Egyptian-born actor (of Lebanese and Syrian origin) who has starred in many Hollywood films. He studied math and physics at Cairo University and graduated in 1963.


Ayman al-Zawahiri is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda group, a physician, author, poet, and formerly the head of the militant organization Egyptian Islamic Jihad. He obtained a degree in surgery at Cairo University in 1974 and an advanced medical degree in 1978.






Cairo University
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Cairo University
جامعة القاهرة
Gāmaʿat al-Qāhirah

Established 1908
Type Public
President Prof. Dr. Hossam Mohamed Kamel Mahmoud
Academic staff 12,158
Students 200,000
Location Giza, Giza, Egypt
30°01′39″N 31°12′37″E / ?.02760°N 31.21014°E / 30.02760 31.21014Coordinates: 30°01′39″N 31°12′37″E / ?.02760°N 31.21014°E / 30.02760 31.21014
Campus Urban
Former names Egyptian University
Fuʾād I University
Website www.cu.edu.eg/
Cairo University (Arabic: جامعة القاهرة‎, previously Egyptian University and later Fuad University) is an institute of higher education located in Giza, Egypt. Cairo University includes a School of Law and a School of Medicine. The Medical School, also known as Kasr Alaini (القصر العيني, Qasr-el-'Ayni), was one of the first medical schools in Africa and the Middle East. Its first building was donated by Alaini Pasha. It has since undergone extensive expansion. The first president of Cairo University, then known as the Egyptian University, was Professor Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed.

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 The beginning
3 The Egyptian University
4 Origin of the university idea
5 New Central Library
6 Faculties and branches
7 Notable alumni
7.1 1910s
7.2 1930s
7.3 1940s
7.4 1950s
7.5 1960s
7.6 1970s
7.7 1980s
7.8 1990s
7.9 Unknown date of graduation
8 See also
9 References
10 External links


[edit] History
The university was founded on December 21, 1908, as the result of an effort to establish a national center for educational thought. Several constituent colleges preceded the establishment of the university including the College of Engineering (كلية الهندسة) in 1816, which was shut down by Muhammad Said Pasha in 1854. Cairo University was founded as a European-inspired civil university, in contrast to the religious university of al-Azhar, and became the prime indigenous model for other state universities in the region.

[edit] The beginning
On March 31, 1914 Husayn Kamil, minister of Justice and the University Rector was speaking at the university's ground ceremony for a new building, he said: "On the eastern side of Cairo, al-Azhar has stood for nearly a 1000 years. It has been a lofty beacon sending light all directions and immortalizing the sciences of the Arabs and the civilization of Islam. Now here is the new university which will be built in the age on the western side of the city to spread Arabic sciences together with Western learning. These twin brothers will cooperate henceforth in enlightening both banks of the blessed Nile, from the right and from the left, in the things which will restore the people of the valley to complete well-being and full glory".

[edit] The Egyptian University
As a major offshoot of the national Egyptian movement that goes back to the beginning of the century, a number of national leaders, enlightenment pioneers and social thinkers called for the establishment of an Egyptian university. In the beginning of this century, social thinkers like Muhammad Abduh, Mustafa Kamil, Mohammed Farid, Qasim Amin and Saad Zaghloul called for the establishment of an Egyptian University to be a lighthouse of liberal thought and the basis of a comprehensive academic revival in all fields of knowledge in order to be able to cope with the international scientific and academic advancement.

[edit] Origin of the university idea

Saad ZaghloulAt least five different parties claim to have planted the seed of the Egyptian University. Royalists Prince Ahmad Fuad. Nationalists with Watanist affinities pressed Mustafa Kamil's claims, Umma Party and the Wafd which have emphasized the contributions of Saad Zaghlul, Qasim Amine, and Muhammad Abduh. But early suggestions came from the Armenian bureaucrat Yaqub Artin and the Syrian journalist Jurji Zaydan. In 1894 Yaqub Artin suggested that the existing higher professional school could well provide the basis for a university. Jurji Zaydan had two models in his mind for the new university.

In 1900 al-Hilal called for an "Egyptian College School" to provide home-grown modern higher education in Arabic, so that Egyptians would not have to go to Europe. The other model was the Syrian Protestant College which American missionaries had founded in Beirut.

In 1908, Mustafa Kamil and Qasim Amin died, and Khedive Abbas took the project of the university under his wing naming his son Crown Prince Abd al-Munim as honorary head. Then he considered four other princes: Husayn Kamil, Umar Tusun, Muhammed Ali, and Ahmed Fuad or the actual leadership of the university. Only Fuad was both willing to serve and acceptable to the British. He was named for the post late in 1907. Abbas assigned the university E5,000 annually from the Awqaf Department which, unlike the rest of the state budget, was still under his personal control.

[edit] New Central Library
First: Motives and Objectives:

Within the framework of the policy of developing and modernizing Cairo University in an attempt to equip it with all features of the twenty first century, including Information and Communication Revolution, Cairo University Administration has prioritized the issue of developing and modernizing the Central Library.

On February 24, 1994 , and on the occasion of renovating Ahmed Lotfi Al Sayed Hall, at the University Administration, First Lady, Suzanne Mubarak, who conceded to attend the inauguration of this hall drew attention to the renovation and modernization of the university library. She, likewise, promised to muster all potentials to make this project materialize.

In a response to this grand directive, President of Cairo University, Prof. Dr. Mufid Shehab issued a decree to form a highly specialized committee, comprising all experts in the field. This committee was headed by Cairo University Vice President for Higher Studies Prof. Dr. Farouk Ismail.

Considering the status quo of Cairo University Central Library, established in 1932, it is clear that the library has duly performed its assigned role. However, the new developments in the world of information and libraries the emergence of new scientific specializations the increasing number of students and the establishment of new faculties have made it necessary for the comprehensive development of the library.

The current Central Library of Cairo University is composed of two floors as well as the ground floor, which consists of three levels. The ground floor includes the technical processes room (indices – classification – provision – periodicals) photocopying and binding room and researchers room. The first floor includes: halls of manuscripts, oriental studies, foreign studies, indices, checking out, computer, and stores of Arabic and foreign books.

Second floor includes halls for references and the blind university theses and rooms of library administration.

Information forms and media available now at the Central Library include printed materials books periodicals references university theses manuscripts and rare books audio materials in halls for the blind microfilming and microfiching.

The higher committee assigned with studying the New Central Library Project held meetings over the last two years. It studied the status quo of the Central Library and came up with the fact that renovating and modernizing the present library is not practical. The committee also drew attention to the significance of establishing a new central library to meet future requirements.

Accordingly, there was an agreement after the meetings held by university president, university vice presidents, university secretary – general to establish a new central library, through which the university invades the coming century. The current headquarters of the Central Library will be modernized and allocated as a specialized library for Faculty of Arts. The Council of Cairo University agreed on 31/7/1996 to establish a new central library and take the required measures.

Prof. Dr. Ali Raafat, Professor of Architect, Faculty of Engineering prepared a blueprint of the new central library under the supervision of Professor Dr. Farouk Ismail, Cairo University Vice President for Higher Studies and Research Affairs and Head of the two committees on establishments and university libraries.


Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mufid Shehab, Cairo University President, a comprehensive study of the proposed new Cairo University Central Library was made.

Following are the objectives of establishing a new Cairo University Central Library:

1- Providing undergraduates with developed library service.

2- Meeting the needs of higher studies and scientific research in terms of books, periodicals and new sources of information.

3- Meeting the needs of common readers and researchers who do not belong to the university.

4- Integrating the varied libraries of faculties and the university library.

5- Linking the Central Library with great libraries and world specialized information centers.

6- Integrating the New Central Library with the new and developed great libraries in Egypt .

7- Linking Cairo University with world movement of scientific research and higher studies by exploiting information and communication technology to connect the new library with varied world information institutions, such as libraries and international and regional information centers, networks and banks.


Cairo University Clock, photographed by Amr RadySecond: Technical Services and Aspects

The most prominent technical features of the New Central Library are:

1- Utilizing computers in managing the library either technically or administratively within an integrated system.

2- Creating an internal network between information systems and the new library services linking it with internal and external libraries and connecting it with the Internet.

3- Possessing unconventional information media, such as CD-ROMS.

4- Providing blind researchers with library information service.

5- Preparing orientation programs for library frequenters.

6- Paying attention to preserving, manuscripts and storing them on CD-ROMS.

7- Expanding the scope of service to external researchers.

8- Providing the following information services:

· General index search service on direct line.

· Elective information search service.

· Acquaintance with current information service.

· Search service in different databases (through possessing it on CD-ROMS or through subscription).

· Document procurement service.

· Linkage to sources of information service.

· Replying to enquiries service.

· Service of preparing and publishing indices, circulars and abstracts.

· Scientific translation service.

· Holding conferences and symposia service.

[edit] Faculties and branches
The Faculty of Sciences
The Faculty of Agriculture
The Faculty of Archaeology
The Faculty of Arts
The Faculty of Commerce
The Faculty of Computer and Information Science
The Faculty of Dar El-Ulum
The Faculty of Oral Dental Medicine
The Faculty of Economics and Political Science
The Faculty of Engineering
The Faculty of Law
The Faculty of Mass Communications
The Faculty of Medicine
The Faculty of Pharmacy
The Faculty of Physiotherapy
The Faculty of Regional and Urban Planning
The Faculty of Science
The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
[edit] Notable alumni
As Cairo University is one of the most influential universities in the Middle East. Its alumni include politicians, lawyers, sheikhs, bishops, scientists, poets, and academics. This is a list of the notable alumni and attendees of Cairo University. They are listed first by decade of their graduation (or last attendance) and then alphabetically.

[edit] 1910s

Taha HusseinTaha Hussein (1889?) was born in Izbit il-Kilo, Egypt. In 1914 he became the first person to graduate from Cairo University. [1] Later he was the first Egyptian Dean of the Faculty of the Arts there and the first Egyptian to be nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature. He was also Minister of Education. He was blind from early childhood.[2]
[edit] 1930s
Philosopher and writer Abdurrahman Badawi was born in Sharabas a village in Dakahlia Governorate (Now in Damietta Governorate), He graduated from the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University in 1938. He earned his PhD in 1944 at the age of 27, Taha Hussein said: "Today we see the birth of the first Egyptian Philosopher" he became a Professor of Philosophy at Cairo University then went to Ain Shams University in 1951. He also taught at Kuwait University. He wrote over 150 books and died on July 25, 2002.
Yehia Hakki is one of the pioneers of the Twentieth Century modern literary movement in Egypt. He has experimented with the various literary norms: the short story, the novel, literary criticism, essays, meditations, and literary translation.

Naguib MahfouzWriter and philosopher Naguib Mahfouz was born in the Gamaliyya district of Cairo in 1911. He graduated from Cairo University in 1934. He has published more than fifty books of fiction, many of which have been translated and published in English. The film Cairo 1930 was based on his novel al-Qahira al-jadida. In 1988 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.[3]
Zaki Naguib Mahmoud was a "Philosopher of Authors & Author of Philosophers".[4] He was an associate of philosopher Bertrand Russell and John Eyre. He graduated from the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University in 1930. He earned his PhD in England, then returned to Egypt and became a Professor of philosophy at his alma mater. He also taught at Kuwait University and wrote for Al-Ahram newspaper. He wrote many books, including The Philosophy of Science (1952), The Reasonable and the Absurd in our Intellectual Heritage (1975), and Seeds and Roots (1990).
Sameera Moussa was an Egyptian nuclear scientist. She graduated with a B.Sc. in radiology from Cairo University.
[edit] 1940s
Boutros Boutros-Ghali is an Egyptian diplomat and was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. He graduated from Cairo University in 1946 and earned a PhD in international law from the University of Paris as well as a diploma in international relations from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris.
Nazeer Gayed is Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria. Born in 1923, he earned a BA in English and history from Cairo University in 1947. Later he attended the Coptic Theological Seminary. After becoming a hermit for several years, he became Dean of the Coptic Orthodox Theological University. He was consecrated the 117th Pope of Alexandria in 1971. [5]

Mohamed Hassanein HeikalMohamed Hassanein Heikal is a prominent Egyptian journalist. He served as the editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram (1957?). Mr. Heikal has been a respected commentator on Middle East affairs for more than 50 years.
Saad Aziz Ibrahim was a Coptic Church Bishop who was killed along with Anwar Sadat in 1981. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1940. He was "a major figure in the Coptic revival." (The Times, October 12, 1981) He was the former chairman of the Middle East Council of Churches. He was elevated to Bishop by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria in 1962. In 1971 he won the most votes in the papal election to succeed Cyril VI, but lost when the final decision was made by drawing lots (ibid.). [www.st-peter-st-paul-coptic-orthodox-church.org]
Michel Wahba (1912?) was a clinical psychologist and academic. He grew up in Cairo and attended the College of Engineering at Cairo University. He graduated at the top of his class and was offered a full scholarship to study in the United Kingdom, but he turned it down to care for his brothers and sister. After graduation, he worked for American University in Cairo. Later he won a scholarship to the University of Chicago, where he earned his master's in 1951. In 1959 he won the Fulbright Scholarship and went with his wife and children to the University of North Carolina, where he earned his PhD. He worked for UC Davis as a clinical psychologist at Sacramento County Mental Hospital.
Halim El-Dabh (b. 1921), Egypt's foremost living composer of classical music, and the composer (in 1960) of the original score to the Son et lumière show at the site of the Great Pyramids of Giza. He earned a bachelor of science degree in agricultural engineering in 1945 and emigrated to the United States in 1950.
Hassan Fathy the Eco-engineer.
Osman Ahmed Osman the engineer & politician.
Magdi Wahba (1925?), Egypt's foremost lexicographer and Professor of English Literature from 1957 to 1980 when he retired as emeritus professor. He obtained his LLB from the Faculty of Law in 1946.
[edit] 1950s
Poet Muhammad al-Fayturi was born in Al-Janina, Sudan. He spent his childhood in Alexandria, Egypt. He studied Islamic sciences, philosophy and history at Al-Azhar University in Cairo until 1953. That year, he published his first book of poems, "Songs of Africa." He then attended Cairo University for two years. His other poetry collections include Sunrise and Moonset and Lover from Africa. His work deals with issues of race, class and colonialism and is influenced by Sufi philosophy. [6]
Latifa al-Zayyat (1923?) was an Egyptian artist and intellectual. She was born in Dumyat and earned her Ph.D. in English literature from Cairo University in 1957. She was head of the English department there from 1976-1983. Her first novel, Al-Bab al-Maftooh (The Open Door) was published in 1960. Later in life she founded and led the Committee for the Defense of National Culture, which spearheaded efforts against the normalization of cultural relations with Israel. [7]

Yasser ArafatYasser Arafat was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969?), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) (1993?) and a co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize alongside Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin, for the successful negotiations of the 1993 Oslo Accords. He graduated from the King Fuad Cairo University Faculty of Engineering in 1956. While there, he joined the Muslim Brotherhood and served as president of the Union of Palestinian Students from 1952 to 1956. [8][9]
Albert Arie (aka Mohsen Allam) is an Egyptian Jew born in Cairo who converted to Islam. He earned his degree from the Faculty of Law of Cairo University in 1950. He was a Wafdist and devoted socialist. He is a historian of Jewish culture in Egypt.[10]
Yusuf Idris the Physician and writer.
A. H. Kafrawy, BDS, MSD - Professor Emeritus, Indiana University [11] Kafrawy taught at Indiana University School of Dentistry for over 30 years. He earned his BDS from Cairo University in 1958 and later attended medical school there before earning his MSD in Oral Diagnosis/Oral Medicine from Indiana University School of Dentistry in 1962. He is a Faculty Member of Omicron Kappa Upsilon. He received the Distinguished Faculty Award for Teaching from the Indiana Dental Association in 2000.
Amr Moussa is the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States. He graduated from the Cairo University Faculty of Law in 1957. [12]

Sir Magdi YacoubMagdi Yacoub is a Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Imperial College London. He was involved in the first UK heart transplant in 1980, carried out the first UK live lobe lung transplant and went on to perform more transplants than any other surgeon in the world. Mr. Yacoub graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Cairo University in 1957.
[edit] 1960s
Mohamed Ghonim The International Urologist and founder of the Mansoura University Urology & Nephrology Center.
Ali Abdelghany is a prominent Egyptian academic and marine biologist. He graduated from the School of Agriculture in 1966. He later attended Auburn University and the University of Idaho as well as working with the FAO.
Ghazi Al-Qusaibi is a Saudi Arabian liberal politician, novelist, current Minister of Labor, and well-known intellectual. He received his law degree from Cairo University in 1961. He earned his MA in international relations from the University of Southern California in 1964, and obtained his PhD in Law from the University of London 1970.

Mohamed ElBaradeiMohamed ElBaradei is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency. He was born in Egypt in 1942 and earned a Bachelor's degree in Law from the University of Cairo in 1962 and a Doctorate in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974. He won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize.

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein was the President of Iraq from 1979 until he lost power over Iraq when American troops arrived in Baghdad on April 9, 2003. He entered the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1962 and left to return to Iraq in 1964. He also attended Mustanseriya University in Baghdad. He was executed on December 30, 2006 for crimes against humanity. [13][14][15][16]
Kamal A. Mansour is a retired professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Emory University School of Medicine. He provided the funds for Emory's Kamal A. Mansour Professorship of Thoracic Surgery. He attended medical school in Cairo, earning his M.D. from Emory in 1968. He has pioneered lifesaving techniques in thoracic surgery. He has trained surgeons at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, the National Institute for Cancer of Cairo University, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine and the El Galaa Military Hospital of Cairo.
Archeologist Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovski is the director of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was born in Armenia in 1944. In 1967 he graduated from the Oriental Faculty of Leningrad State University, having majored in Arabic Studies. He attended Cairo University from 1965-66. He is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a professor at St. Petersburg State University. He was awarded the Russian Order of Honor in 1997. Asteroid 4869 Piotrovsky is named after him and his father, Professor Boris Borisovich Piotrovski. [17]
Omar Sharif is an Egyptian-born actor (of Lebanese and Syrian origin) who has starred in many Hollywood films. He studied math and physics at Cairo University and graduated in 1963.
Ahmed Ezz (born in 1959) graduated from Cairo University with a degree in Civil Engineering[1]. He is an Egyptian politician and business tycoon and the Chairman and Managing Director of Al Ezz Industries.
[edit] 1970s
Ayman al-Zawahiri is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda group, a physician, author, poet, and formerly the head of the militant organization Egyptian Islamic Jihad. He obtained a degree in surgery at Cairo University in 1974 and an advanced medical degree in 1978. [18][19][20]
Mohsen Badawi Chairman of Aracom Systems, was born in Cairo on November 10, 1956. Entrepreneur, political activist and writer, graduated from Cairo University majoring in Accounting at the Faculty of Commerce, co-founder of the Egyptian Soviet Chamber of Commerce (1989), the main founder and first Chairman of the Canada Egypt Business Council "CEBC" (2001?). He is also the main founder and Chairman of Abdurrahman Badawi Center for Creativity (2008-), a member of the Egyptian Romanian Friendship Association (1988?), member of the Arab Scientific Transportation Association (1989-) and a member of The Egyptian International Economic Forum (2003-).
Gawdat Bahgat is a professor of political science at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C. and has published numerous articles and books on Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea region, terrorism, and geopolitics.
Amin Sameh Samir Fahmy is the Egyptian Minister of Petroleum. He graduated with a B.Sc. in chemical engineering from Cairo University in 1973.
Youssef Boutros Ghali politician & Egypt’s Minister of Finance.
Hani Mahfouz Helal is the Egyptian Minister of Higher Education and State Minister for Scientific Research and the former Cultural and Scientific Chancellor in the Egyptian embassy in Paris. Dr. Helal graduated from the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University in 1974.

Ahmed NazifAhmed Nazif is the Egyptian Prime Minister and former Minister for Communications and Information Technology. Prof. Dr. Nazif graduated with a Bachelor's degree in 1973 and a Master's degree in 1976, from the Communications and Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
Mamdouh El-Nady is a USA Department of Defense Culture and Foreign Language Advisor. He is an Arabic Linguist & Annotator for the Center for Computational Learning Systems, Columbia University, a Certified Language Tester for ACTFL, and a Reviewer for Annals Foreign Languages Journal. He served as a consultant for Educational Testing Service (ETS) and Supreme Education Council of Qatar, and served as a Director of Languages and Regional Studies at Middle East Institute. Dr. El-Nady taught in many American universities and institutes include: University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, and the US Air Force Academy where he served as a Distinguished Professor and Chair of Arabic Studies. Dr. El-Nady graduated from Cairo University in 1975 with B.Com in Business Administration, and received a MBA degree in International Management from Thunderbird Graduate School of Global Management, and then a doctorate degree in International & Multicultural Education from University of San Francisco.
Mohamed A. Moustafa Hassan is graduated in 1977 from Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. He obtained his M.Sc. as well as Ph.D. from the same Dept. He was awarded DAAD scholarship (1984?) for junior Egyptian Scientists to do their research work in Germany. He worked in Calgary University as visiting Professor (1989?)basedon CIDA fund. He worked also in the Gulf at the following Institutions: UAEU, TSI, AUST (all in UAE), then at JGEC (KSA).
[edit] 1980s
Mustafa al'Absi is a professor of behavioral medicine and neuroscience at the University of Minnesota Medical School. He was born in Yemen. He received his undergraduate psychology degree from Cairo University in 1985. He also received doctoral training in biological and clinical psychology at the University of Oklahoma. He currently directs multiple behavioral medicine research programs. He has received several honorary awards, including the Herbert Weiner Early Career Award and the Neal E. Miller Young Investigator Award. He has published more than 80 scientific articles, chapters, and edited books. He served as an editor or on editorial boards of multiple journals. He has also assumed leadership positions in several national and international organizations.
Taher Elgamal is a cryptographer and inventor of the Elgamal crypto algorithm. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Cairo University in 1977, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1984. He served as chief scientist at Netscape Communications from 1995 to 1998. [21]
Mohamed Osman Elkhosht is a professor of philosophy of religion and contemporary philosophy at Faculty of Arts, Cairo University. He is also a cultural advisor and a leading authority on modern Islam.
Ahmed E. Kamal is an engineering professor at Iowa State University. He was born in Giza, Egypt. He earned his B.Sc. in electrical engineering in 1978 and his M.Sc. in 1980, both from Cairo University. After graduation, he won the Connaught Fellowship to the University of Toronto, where he earned two more electrical engineering degrees: his M.A.Sc. in 1982 and Ph.D. in 1986. [22]
Tarek Kamel is the Minister of Communication & Information Technology since 2005. Dr. Kamel obtained a Bachelor's degree in 1985 and a Master's degree in 1988 from the Communications & Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
Ayman Sayed is a VP of Engineering in Cisco Systems. Ayman received his Bachelor's degree in 1985 from the Communications and Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
Ibrahim A. Karawan is the Director of the Middle East Center and an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Utah. Between 1995 and 1997 he was the Senior Fellow for Middle East Studies and Directing Staff Member at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, IISS, in London. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Centre for International Studies at Oxford University and a Fellow at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. He is a former Senior Research Associate at the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Cairo. He began attending Cairo University at the age of 16, majoring in economics and political science. Upon graduation, he worked for the Egyptian Army's Aid Defense System. [23]
Mahmoud Mohieldin the Minister of Investment in Egypt.
Jehan Sadat was the second wife of Anwar Sadat and served as first lady of Egypt from 1970 until Sadat's assassination in 1981. She is a Senior Fellow at the University of Maryland, College Park and won the Pearl S. Buck award in 2001. She earned her B.A. (1977), M.A. (1980) and PhD (1986) degrees from Cairo University.
Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd is an Egyptian academic and civil rights activist. He was born in 1943 and earned his PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies from Cairo University in 1981. He opposed the use of Islam for political ends in his 1992 book Naqd al-khitab al-dini (Critique of Religious Discourse). As a result, a Cairo court forced him to divorce his wife, Cairo University faculty member Ibtihal Yunis in 1995. After 1996, he and his wife fled Egypt and settled in the Netherlands, where he works at the University of Leiden. Source: "Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 3 December 2004 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9345158.
[edit] 1990s
Hussein Bassir is an Egyptian archaeologist and novelist. In 1994, he got his BA in Egyptology from Cairo University. Then he traveled to the USA to get his PhD in Egyptology and Near Eastern Studies from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
Ahmed T. Hadidi is a Professor of Pediatric Surgery and Plastic Surgery at Heidelberg Mannheim University, Germany, and Cairo University. He is the Secretary General of the Pan African Paediatric Surgical Association and the Mediterranean Association of Paediatric Surgeons. He won the "Pulvertaft Prize" of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand. He earned his M.B. and B. Ch. from Cairo University in 1981. He earned his M. Sc. in General Surgery there in 1985 and his M.D. in 1993. [24]
Yassin Saif Shaibany is a "Public International Law & International Islamic Organizations" specialist. He earned various law-related degrees from Cairo University, culminating in a PhD in international law in 1997. He is a Professor of International Law at Sana'a University in Yemen. He is a former cultural attache of Yemen in Egypt and has written on human rights in Yemeni and international law. [25]
Essam Heggy is a prominent planetary scientist in the NASA Mars Exploration Program [26] and staff scientist at the highly reputed Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisEssam HEGGY, PhD. He graduated from the faculty of sciences at the Cairo University in 1997 and received the PhD degrees from Paris VI University in 2002. He received several international awards for his role in contributing to the development low frequency terrestrial and planetary radars for subsurface exploration. He is currently a scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, TX, USA Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) were he is also serving in a number of NASA panels. Heggy who have earned a wide reputation among Egyptian youth after his resignation in 2005 from his staff position at the Cairo University to protest against the marginalization of science and youth in the Egyptian society. Rosa al Youssef the widely distributed magazine [1] in the Arab world in its annual report in 2006 selected him as one of the top 10 reformist in Egypt.
[edit] Unknown date of graduation
Ahmed Zaki Saad (1900?) was executive director of the International Monetary Fund. He represented Saudi Arabia to the IMF and the World Bank from 1958-1977. He was chairman of the Board of Governors of the World Bank in 1955. He was Governor of the National Bank of Egypt in 1951-1952 and again from 1955-1957. He was also a counselor to King Saud of Saudi Arabia. He earned a bachelor's degree from Cairo University and a doctorate in law from the University of Paris.
Kamil Idris is a former Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). He earned a BA in Philosophy, Political Science and Economic Theories from Cairo University (Division I with Honours). He was also a Lecturer in Philosophy and Jurisprudence there (1976?).