¸¶ÀÌŬ ±×¸° Àü·«±¹Á¦¹®Á¦¿¬±¸¼Ò(CSIS) ¼±ÀӺμÒÀåÀº ÀÛ³â 12¿ù18ÀÏÀÚ Áß¾ÓÀϺ¸ °ÔÀç Ä®·³¿¡¼ 'Çѱ¹ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºØ±«'(South Korea's democratic decay)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ óÀ½À¸·Î ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù.
±×´Â Çѱ¹ Áý±Ç´çÀÌ ¼º°æ¡¤Àü´Ü¡¤µ·À» ºÏÇÑÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü ±ÝÁö¹ýÀ» ¸¸µéÀÚ Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ½º¹Ì½º ÇÏ¿øÀÇ¿ø(´ºÀúÁö)ÀÌ À̸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ¼º¸íÀ» ³Â´Ù°í ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. ½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀº ¡°Ç¥¸éÀûÀ¸·Î´Â È°¹ßÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÔ¹ýÀÚµéÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÀÜȤÇÑ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ °íÅë¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ º¸±ÞÇÏ°í Á¤½ÅÀû¡¤ÀεµÁÖÀÇÀû µµ¿òÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹üÁË ÇàÀ§·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±íÀº ¿ì·Á¸¦ Ç¥ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í Çß¾ú´Ù. ±×¸° ºÎ¼ÒÀåÀº ȤÀÚ´Â ½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀ» ÇÑ º¸¼ö °°æÆÄ ÀÇ¿øÀÏ »ÓÀÌ¸ç ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¿©·ÐÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ ¹®ÀçÀÎ Á¤±ÇÀÇ Úã¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ °æÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á´Â Áøº¸ Áø¿µ¿¡µµ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.
¿¹ÄÁ´ë ½Å±â¿í ½ºÅÄÆÛµå ´ëÇÐ ±³¼ö´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÇмúÁö ¡®Àú³Î ¿Àºê µ¥¸ðÅ©¶ó½Ã¡¯ 7¿ùÈ£¿¡ ¡®´ëÇѹα¹ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºØ±«¡¯(South Korea's democratic decay)¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ ±ÛÀ» ½Ç¾ú´Ù°í ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ³í¹®°ú Ã¥µéÀÌ Ãâ°£À» ±â´Ù¸®°í Àִµ¥ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ½Å ±³¼ö¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÇѶ§ Á¤±ÇÀÇ ¾ï¾Ð¿¡ ¸Â¼ ½Î¿ü°í 2017³â ¹Ú±ÙÇý Àü ´ëÅë·É źÇÙÀ» ÁöÁöÇß´ø ÇÐÀÚµéÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù. 2019³â ÇÁ¸®´ý ÇϿ콺¿¡¼ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ Á¶»ç¿¡ µû¸£¸é Çѱ¹Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¹ÎÁÖÀû ºñÆÇ°ú ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¾àÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾´ ¼ö´Ü ¶§¹®¿¡ ¡®Á¤Ä¡Àû Âü¿©¡¯¿Í ¡®½Ã¹ÎÀû ÀÚÀ¯¡¯ ¼øÀ§´Â ´ë¸¸°ú ÀϺ» µîÀÇ ÁÖº¯ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¸é »ó´çÈ÷ ³·´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸° ºÎ¼ÒÀåÀÇ ÁöÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
¾îÁ¦ ¹Ì ÀÇȸ û¹®È¸¿¡¼ Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀº ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¿¡ ³î¶ú´Ù¸é¼ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ 'Çѱ¹ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºØ±«'¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÒ ¶§ »ç·Ê·Î ÀοëÇÑ´Ù°í ÁöÀû, ÀÌ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ¿ë¾î¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ±¸»çÇß´Ù.
¡®Åè ·£Å佺 ÀαÇÀ§¿øȸ¡¯ °øÈ´ç Ãø °øµ¿À§¿øÀåÀÎ ±×´Â ¡®Çѱ¹ÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎÀû, Á¤Ä¡Àû ±Ç¸®: Çѹݵµ Àαǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Ã»çÁ¡¡¯À» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ¿¸° È»ó û¹®È¸ ¸ðµÎ¹ß¾ð¿¡¼ Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡À̸ç, À뱂 ¹®Á¦¿¡ À־µ ºÏÇÑ°ú ±Ø¸íÇÑ ´ëÁ¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â ³ª¶ó¶ó´Â Á¡À» »ó±â½ÃÅ°°í Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ½ÃÇà ÁßÀÎ ¡®ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë Àǻ縦 ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Çß´Ù.
½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀº, ÇöÀç Çѱ¹ Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҰ¡ ½É¸®¸¦ ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ ¡®ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¡¯Àº Çѱ¹ Çå¹ýÀº ¹°·Ð ½Ã¹ÎÀû¡¤Á¤Ä¡Àû ±Ç¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ ±¹Á¦±Ô¾à(ICCPR)¿¡ µû¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô Ä§ÇØÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶Ç ÀÏ°¢¿¡¼ ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì ÀÇȸÀÇ ¹®Á¦ Á¦±â¸¦ `³»Á¤°£¼·'À̶ó°í ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´ëÇØ ¡°ICCPRÀÇ È¸¿ø±¹À¸·Î¼ ¹Ì±¹°ú ¹Ì ÀÇȸ´Â À̹ø »ç¾È¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ±×¸®°í ´õ ³Ð°Ô´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À뱂 ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³ôÀÏ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù¡±°í Çß´Ù. ½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀº Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÏÇÑ°ú Áß±¹ÀÇ À뱂 ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ ÈÄÅðÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î °ÆÁ¤½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °Ç Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ºÏÇÑ°ú Áß±¹ÀÇ Àαǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿À·£ ¾à¼Ó¿¡¼ ÈÄÅðÇß´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̵é°ú ´õ ³ªÀº °ü°è¸¦ ¸¸µé°Å³ª ÇÙ¹«±â ºñÈ®»êÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸íºÐ ¶§¹®ÀÌ¶ó¼ °ÆÁ¤½º·´´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ½º¹Ì½º ÀÇ¿øÀº À̳¯ û¹®È¸ Âü¼®ÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¹ß¾ðÀ» ÀοëÇØ 2500¸¸ ºÏÇÑ ÁֹεéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í °Ç°, º¹Áö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿¡¼ ¾Èº¸¿Í ¹«±â, ºñÈ®»ê ´ëÀÀ ȤÀº ³²ºÏ°ü°è¿¡¼ÀÇ ½Å·Ú ±¸Ãà ½Ãµµ µîÀº ½Ç¼ö¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
'Åè ·£Å佺 ÀαÇÀ§¿øȸ'ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç Ãø °øµ¿À§¿øÀåÀÎ Á¦ÀÓ½º ¸Æ°Å¹ø ÇÏ¿øÀÇ¿øµµ ¡®ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¡¯ÀÇ °³Á¤À» Ã˱¸Çß´Ù. ¸Æ°Å¹ø ÀÇ¿øÀº ¡°°³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª´Â (Çѱ¹) ±¹È¸°¡ ±× ¹ýÀ» °íÄ¡±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù¡±¸ç, ÀÌó·³ ¹ýÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡ »ç´Â ÀÌÁ¡À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Çѱ¹°èÀÎ °øÈ´ç ¼Ò¼Ó ¿µ ±è ÀÇ¿øµµ ÓßÝÁÀü´Ü±ÝÁö¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» ¹àÈ÷¸é¼, ÀÌ ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀº µ¿¸ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ´ç¿¬È÷ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Àǹ«¶ó°í °Á¶Çß´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±¹³» »óȲÀº Çѱ¹°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ »çȸ¿¡µµ Å« °ü½É»ç¶ó¸é¼, "¿ì¸®´Â µÎ ³ª¶ó°¡ ¹ÎÁÖÀû ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áú ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çù·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù"°í Çß´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ½Ç¶ó Àè½¼ ¸® ÀÇ¿øÀº ¡°Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¹Ì±¹°ú Ä£±¸¿´´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ ½Ã¹Î°ú Á¤Ä¡Àû ±Ç¸®, ±×¸®°í Àαǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦±âÇÏ´Â °Í°ú, Çѹݵµ¿¡ »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» °³¼±ÇÏ´Â °Ç¼³ÀûÀÎ ÆÄÆ®³Ê°¡ µÇ´Â °Ç Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
*'democatic decay'ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ïÒëù: ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÇå¹ýüÁ¦ÀÇ ±¸Á¶(¹ý¿ø, ¾ð·Ð µî)¿Í ³»¿ë(ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÀû ±âº»Áú¼, ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ µî ±âº»±Ç)À» ¼¼È÷ ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â ÇàÀ§·Î¼ Äíµ¥Å¸³ª ħ°øó·³ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Æı«¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. º£³×¼ö¿¤¶ó°¡ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ '¹ÎÁÖÀû ºØ±«'ÀÇ »ç·ÊÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÕ¹ýÀ» °¡ÀåÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Æı«ÇàÀ§ÀÌ´Ù.
'Democratic decay' is used to characterise the phenomenon of democratic degradation over time, as opposed to rapid democratic breakdown through a coup d'état or invasion. The thumbnail definition is the incremental degradation of the structures and substance of liberal constitutional democracy.
'Incremental' refers to the subtle, step-by-step hollowing out of democratic governance. 'Structures' refers to democratic institutions such as courts, human rights commissions and ombudsmen, as well as media and NGOs. 'Substance' refers to the 'soft matter' of democratic governance, including public faith in democratic rule and the willingness of political actors to play by the rules of the game. As the Concept Index indicates, lawyers have tended to be more focused on structures, political scientists and other social scientists on substance, although there is significant overlap.
ÇÑ´«¿¡ º¸´Â
º£½ºÆ® ±â»ç
- 1 "Çѱ¹ ÀǷẸÇèÀÇ »êÆÄ" ±èÁ¾´ë îñ °Çº¸ ÀÌ»çÀå, ÀÇ·á´ë¶õ¿¡ ù ÀÔÀåÇ¥¸í!
- 2 ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ¿Í À±¼®¿ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« Â÷ÀÌ 13°³!
- 3 ¹Ú»óÇÐ ÃÖ°í! ¿À·§¸¸¿¡ ½Ã¿øÇÏ´Ù.
- 4 ³ëº§¹®Çлó ¼ö»ó°ú ¿µÈ '±â»ýÃæ'
- 5 °°Àº ÀÏÀ» 30³â ¹Ýº¹Çϸ顦
- 6 ȱ±è¿¡ ³½ ÀÇ°ß ±¤°í
- 7 ¼º±ÞÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ 'ÃÖÈÄ'¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ¸»ÇÑ´Ù
- 8 ³ª¶ó°¡ °ÆÁ¤Àΰ¡? ÀÌÀç¸íÀÌ °ÆÁ¤Àΰ¡?
- 9 10ȸ ¸» Åõ ¾Æ¿ô¿¡¼ ¿ªÀü ¸¸·ç ³¡³»±â Ȩ·±ÀÌ ÅÍÁ³´Ù!
- 10 '½ÊÀÚ°¡' ´ë½Å '¾ÆÆÄÆ®'¸¦ ÅÃÇÑ ¼ºÀÚ(á¡íº)