FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î(149): King Lear/¸®¾î¿ÕÀÇ ¼¼°è´Â ØÇᦴÙ. ºÎ¸ð ÇüÁ¦ ÀڽĵéÀÌ ¼·Î¸¦ ¼ÓÀÌ°í ¼·Î¸¦ Á×ÀδÙ.
The audience understands that Lear¡¯s other two daughters, the deceitful Goneril and Reagan, are the antagonists to Lear¡¯s desire to hold onto his power, and the rising action of the play see these two characters actively thwarting their father and hastening his downfall. After dividing his kingdom between Goneril and Reagan Lear continues to demand that his daughters care for him, expecting to retain the privileges of the crown without the responsibilities. Lear has never recognised the role power plays in his family, so he expects his daughters to treat him exactly as they did when he was their king. Instead, Regan and Goneril treat Lear according to his new status as a powerless old man. Lear is deprived not only of the loving care he expected from his daughters, but also of his attendant knights, and finally even the shelter of their roofs. Meanwhile, the subplot reverses the structure of the main plot: while Lear mistakenly believes that power plays no role in his family, Edmund is all too aware of the role power plays in his. Angry that his illegitimate status makes him powerless, Edmund schemes to banish Edgar and take his place as Gloucester¡¯s heir.
In keeping with its mirrored plot and subplot, ¡°King Lear¡± has two simultaneous climaxes where a protagonist comes in direct conflict with an antagonist. For Lear, this moment comes when he is denied shelter by his daughters and forced to wander in the storm, a reversal of fortune that drives him mad. He tries to make the storm obey him, and the result is that he is deprived of the few comforts he has left.
°üÁßÀº LearÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±â¸¸ÀûÀÎ µÎ µþ Goneril°ú ReaganÀÌ LearÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ¯Áö ¿å¸Á¿¡ Úã(¹Ý)ÇÏ´Â Àû´ëÀÚ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ°í ±Ø¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â ÇàÀ§´Â ÀÌ µÎ Àι°ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ÁÂÀý½ÃÅ°°í Àü¶ôÀ» ÀçÃËÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿Õ±¹À» Goneril°ú Reagan¿¡°Ô ºÐ¹èÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Lear´Â Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â ÀÏ ¾øÀÌ Á¦¿Õ(crown)ÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ» °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇϱ⸦ ±â´ëÇÏ¸é¼ µþµéÀÌ ±×¸¦ µ¹º¸¾Æ Áֱ⸦ °è¼Ó ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. Lear´Â ±Ç·ÂÀÌ °¡Á¤ ¾È¿¡¼ ÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» °áÄÚ ÀνÄÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ µþµéÀÌ ±×°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¿ÕÀ̾úÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀÌ ÇÏ¿´´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ ±×¸¦ ´ë¿ìÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. Regan°ú GonerilÀº ±×ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÁöÀ§¿¡ µû¶ó ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³ëÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ±×¸¦ ´ë¿ìÇÑ´Ù. Lear´Â µþµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±â´ëÇÏ¿´´ø »ç¶ûÀÇ º¸»ìÇËÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇßÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ÑÈÞÍ(±â»ç)µé°ú °á±¹¿¡´Â ºñ¹Ù¶÷À» °¡·ÁÁÙ(of roofs) °Åó¸¶Àúµµ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ºÎÂ÷ ÁٰŸ®´Â Üâ(º») ÁٰŸ®ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¿ªÀü½ÃŲ´Ù: Lear´Â ±Ç·ÂÀÌ °¡Á· ³»¿¡¼ ¾Æ¹«·± ¿ªÇÒµµ °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í À߸ø ¹Ï´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Edmond´Â °¡Á· ³»¿¡¼ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ßîí(¼ÀÚ)ÀÇ ÁöÀ§°¡ ±×¸¦ ÈûÀÌ ¾øµµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â µ¥ È°¡ ³ Edmond´Â Edgar¸¦ ÂѾƳ»°í GloucesterÀÇ ÈÄ°èÀڷμÀÇ EdgarÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ »©¾ÑÀ» À½¸ð¸¦ ²Ù¹Î´Ù.
'LearèÝ'Àº ¹Ý»ç(mirrored) ÁٰŸ®¿Í ºÎÂ÷ ÁٰŸ®¸¦ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÑ ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ Àû´ëÀÚ¿Í Á÷Á¢ Ãæµ¹(conflict)ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¿½Ã Ŭ¶óÀ̸ƽº¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. Lear¿¡°Ô´Â µþµé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ °Åó°¡ °ÅÀý´çÇÏ°í ÂѰܳª¼(denied) Æødz ¼Ó¿¡¼ Çì¸Å¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·± ¼ø°£ÀÌ ¿À°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×¸¦ ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿î¸íÀÇ ¿ªÀüÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÆødzÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ¸ç ±× °á°ú´Â ±×°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¾È¶ôÇÔµµ »©¾Ñ±ä´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼»óµµ ¸»¼¼¶ó°í ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ±â±Ù°ú »ìÇØ°¡ ¸¸¿¬µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾îµð¿¡¼³ª Áõ¿À¿Í ¾àÅ»ÀÌ ³ÑÃijª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇصµ °á°ú´Â ÆĸêÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹´Ù. ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ¾ÇÀÎÀÌ ±Ç¼¼¿Í ºÎ¸¦ ´©¸®´Â °æ¿ìµµ ³Ê¹« ¸¹´Ù. ¼±ÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µµ ¹«Â÷º°ÀûÀ¸·Î º´µé°í »ç°í¸¦ ´çÇؼ °í³À» ´çÇÏ°í ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀҴ´Ù. ¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸»óµµ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø°í ¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Â¡¹úµµ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº °áÇÔÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹°í ¿ìÁÖ´Â °¡Ä¡ Á߸³ÀÎ °Í °°´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº Á×À̱â À§Çؼ »ý¸íÀ» âÃâÇÑ´Ù. 'ÃÖ¼±Àº žÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ°í Â÷¼±Àº ³ªÀÚ¸»ÀÚ Á×´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.'¶ó´Â SchopenhauerÀÇ ÎÊåë(±¤¾ð)ÀÌ ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¸»¼¼¿´´Ù. Áö±Ýµµ ±×·¸°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ ±×·² °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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