³ë¿¹¿¡ÀÇ ±æ¡ª¥´, ¿ÀÀ£(George Orwell)ÀÇ ¡®1984¡¯-2

FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (49) "The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals, would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted to no council and senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it."¡ªAdam Smith.

The common features of all collectivist systems may be described, in a phrase ever dear to socialists of all schools, as the deliberate organisation of the labours of society for a definite social goal. That our present society lacks such "conscious" direction towards a single aim, that its activities are guided by the whims and fancies of irresponsible individuals, has always been one of the main complaints of its socialist critics.

In many ways this puts the basic issue very clearly. And it directs us at once to the point where the conflict arises between individual freedom and collectivism. The various kinds of collectivism, communism, fascism, etc., differ between themselves in the nature of the goal towards which they want to direct the efforts of society. But they all differ from liberalism and individualism in wanting to organise the whole of society and all its resources for this unitary end, and in refusing to recognise autonomous spheres in which the ends of the individuals are supreme. In short, they are totalitarian in the true sense of this new word which we have adopted to describe the unexpected but nevertheless inseparable manifestations of what in theory we call collectivism.
〈Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom〉

¡°¹Î°£ÀεéÀÌ ÀÚº»À» »ç¿ëÇÔ¿¡ À־ ¹Î°£ÀεéÀ» ÁöµµÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀº °¡Àå ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¶°¸ÃÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾î¶² Áö¹æÀÇȸ³ª ±¹È¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô À§ÀÓÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±ÇÀ§¸¦ ÃëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ¸ç ±×¸®°í ±× ±ÇÀ§°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±× ±ÇÀ§¸¦ Çà»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀûÀÓÀÚ¶ó°í ȯ»óÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¾î¸®¼®À½°ú »·»·½º·¯¿òÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í º¸´Ù ´õ À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù.¡±
¡ªAdam Smith.

¸ðµç Áý´ÜÁÖÀÇ Á¦µµÀÇ °øÅëµÈ Ư¼ºÀº ¸ðµç ÇÐÆÄÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ÖÈ£ÇÏ´Â ¾î±¸ÀÎ, ¸íÈ®ÇÑ »çȸÀû ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »çȸ°¡ °¡Áø ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ ÀǵµÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷È­, ¶ó°í ±â¼úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ ¿ì¸® »çȸ´Â ´ÜÀÏ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ±×·± "ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ" Áöµµ°¡ °áÇ̵Ǿî ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í°ú, »çȸÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÌ °³ÀεéÀÇ ¹«Ã¥ÀÓÇÑ º¯´ö°ú »ý°¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À̲ø¾î Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Ç×»ó »çȸÁÖÀÇ ºñÆò°¡µéÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ºÒ¸¸ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù.

¸¹Àº ¸é¿¡¼­ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±âº»ÀûÀÎ À̽´¸¦ ¼±¸íÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Áý´ÜÁÖÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¥µîÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °÷À¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ Áï°¢ ¾È³»ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. °ø»êÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÆĽÃÁò µîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áý´ÜÁÖÀÇ´Â ±×µéÀÌ »çȸ¿îµ¿À» À̲ø¾î °¡·Á´Â ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ ¼ºÇâ¿¡ À־ ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ´ÜÀÏ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ À§Çؼ­ »çȸÀüü¿Í »çȸÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øÀ» Á¶Á÷È­Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­, ±×¸®°í °³ÀÎÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÃÖ°í°¡ µÇ´Â ÀÚÄ¡ÀûÀÎ ¿µ¿ªÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­, ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇ¿Í °³ÀÎÁÖÀÇÇÏ°í´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»Çؼ­ ±×µéÀº À̷лóÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ Áý´ÜÁÖÀǶó°í ÁöĪÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹»óÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ºÒ°¡ºÐÀÇ Â¡Èĸ¦ ¹¦»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ äÅÃÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼­ º¸¸é ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù.

* Çؼ³

ÀÌÁß»ç°í(doublethink)

Oceania »çȸ´Â ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Big Brother´Â ÀüÁöÀü´ÉÇÏ°í ´çÀº Ùí×½(¹«·ù)¶ó´Â ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î Big Brother´Â Àü´ÉÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê°í ´çÀÌ ¹«·ùÀÏ ¼öµµ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç½ÇÀÇ Ãë±Þ¿¡ À־ ¼ö½Ã·Î À¶Å뼺À» ¹ßÈÖÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ì£ñìÞÖÍÅ(ÀÌÁß»ç°í)¶ó´Â »ç°íü°è°¡ µµÀԵȴÙ. ÀÌÁß»ç°í´Â ¼ÓÀÓ¼öÀÇ ±¤´ëÇÑ Ã¼°èÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁß»ç°í´Â »óÈ£¸ð¼øÀûÀÎ ½Å³äÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹Ï°í ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù. ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ °Í°ú ºñ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀǽÄÇÏ°í È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î¼­ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ¸¸é¼­ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´çÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¼öÈ£ÀÚ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù. ´çÀÌ ¿ä±¸Çϸé ÈæÀÌ ¹éÀ̶ó°í Ãæ½É¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ°ÍÀº »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ÈæÀ» ¹éÀ̶ó°í, ¶Ç ¹éÀÌ ÈæÀ̶ó°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »óÈ£ ¸ð¼øÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¹Ï¾ú¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸Á°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Âµµ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯±â À§Çؼ­´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ »ç½ÇÀ» Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌÁß»ç°í ´É·ÂÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ô÷Ôð(üµæ)ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ¸ð¼øÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô »óÈ£ Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÈƷðúÁ¤Àº ÀǽÄÀûÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÈƷðúÁ¤ÀÌ Á¤¹ÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÙíÀǽÄÀûÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¶ÀÛÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ´À³¦À» °¡Á®¿À°Ô µÇ°í ±×·¯¸é ñªÀǽÄÀÌ »ý±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁß»ç°í´Â ¿À¼¼¾Æ´Ï¾Æ »çȸÁÖÀÇ °øÈ­±¹ÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ½ÉÀåºÎ¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù.(°è¼Ó)

  • Æ®À§ÅÍ
  • ÆäÀ̽ººÏ
  • ¡èÀ§·Î
Copyright ¨Ï Á¶°©Á¦´åÄÄ - ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷ ±ÝÁö
´ñ±Û´Þ±â ´ñ±Û¾²±â ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×

´ñ±Û´Þ±â´Â ·Î±×ÀÎÈÄ »ç¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³»¿ëÀº 100ÀÚ À̳»·Î Àû¾îÁֽʽÿÀ. ±¤°í, ¿å¼³, ºñ¼Ó¾î, ÀνŰø°Ý°ú ÇØ´ç ±Û°ú °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ±ÛÀº »çÀüÅ뺸¾øÀÌ »èÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù.

PC ¹öÀü