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FREEDOM ±³¾ç ¿µ¾î (211): 'Devils' (Excerpt)-8:¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÌ °è½ÃÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ³ª´Â ¹«½¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ ´ëÀ§(ÓÞêÐ)°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú¼Ò?¡±
I think all these people had really come together in the pleasant hope that they¡¯d hear something particularly interesting, and had been so apprised in advance. They represented the flower of reddest liberalism in our ancient town and had been carefully selected by Virginsky to attend this ¡®meeting¡¯. I must observe that several of them (though not very many) had never visited his house before. Of course, the majority of the guests had no very clear idea why they¡¯d been summoned. True, at the time they all regarded Peter Stepanovich as an emissary and plenipotentiary from abroad; this idea had somehow taken root, and naturally flattered them.

Meanwhile, among this small group of citizens who¡¯d gathered under the guise of a birthday celebration, there were a few people who¡¯d already received definite instructions. Peter Verkhovensky had managed to form a so-called ¡®group of five¡¯ in our town, similar to the one he¡¯d already established in Moscow, and the one that, it now turns out, he¡¯d formed among army officers in our district. It¡¯s said he also had one in Kh¡ªprovince. The chosen members of this group now sat around the common table and skilfully managed to appear so ordinary that no one could pick them out.

Since it¡¯s no longer a secret, they were: first, Liputin, then Virginsky himself, the long-eared Shigalyov, who was Mrs Virginskaya¡¯s brother, Lyamshin, and finally, a certain Tolkachenko¡ªa strange character, a man of about forty, famous for his profound knowledge of the common people, primarily scoundrels and thieves, who made a point of frequenting taverns (though not merely to study the common people), and who prided himself on his poor apparel, greasy boots, shifty look, and his florid use of popular language. Once and twice before this Lyamshin had brought him to an evening at Stepan Trofimovich¡¯s house, where, however, he failed to create any particular impression. He would appear in our town on occasion, primarily when he was unemployed; he used to work on the railway. Each of these people had agreed to join the group of five in the firm belief that it was merely one among hundreds and thousands of such groups scattered throughout Russia, everyone of which depended on some enormous, central, but secret power, that in turn was organically connected to the European revolutionary movement.

ÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº Ưº°È÷ Èï¹Ì ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» µè°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Áñ°Å¿î Èñ¸Á¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇÔ²² ¸ð¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ¸ç ±×·¡¼­ ¹Ì¸® Å뺸¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò¾ú´Ù°í ³ª´Â »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸® ͯԴ(°íµµ)ÀÇ °¡Àå °Ý·ÄÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ïñâÐ(Á¤¼ö)¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÌ ¡®È¸ÀÇ¡¯¿¡ Âü¼®Çϵµ·Ï Virginsky¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ¼±¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé Áß ¸î¸îÀº (ºñ·Ï ¸¹Àº ¼ö´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸) Àü¿¡ ÀÌ ÁýÀ» °áÄÚ ¹æ¹®ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇؾ߰ڴÙ. ¹°·Ð ¼Õ´Ôµé Áß ´Ù¼ö´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¿Ö ¼ÒÁýµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀüÇô ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã¿¡ ±×µé ¸ðµÎ´Â Peter Stepanovich¸¦ ±¹¿Ü¿¡¼­ ÆÄ°ßµÈ ¹Ð»çÀÌ°í Àü±Ç´ë»ç·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ »ý°¢Àº ¾î´À Á¤µµ ±Ù°Å°¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×·¡¼­ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ºñÀ§¸¦ ¸ÂÃß¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

±× »çÀÌ¿¡ »ýÀÏ ÃàÇÏÀÇ ±¸½Ç·Î ¸ðÀÎ ÀÌ ÀÛÀº Áý´ÜÀÇ ½Ã¹Îµé °¡¿îµ¥´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Áö·ÉÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Peter Verkhovensky´Â ±×°¡ Moscow¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿´´ø ±×·ì°ú, Áö±Ý ¹àÇôÁ³´Âµ¥, ¿ì¸® Áö¿ª À°±º Àå±³µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ±×°¡ Á¶Á÷ÇÑ ±×·ì°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¼ÒÀ§ ¡®5ÀÎ ±×·ì¡¯À» ÀÌ¹Ì Á¶Á÷ÇÏ¿´¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¶Ç Kh-Áö¿ª¿¡µµ ±×·ì Çϳª¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ±×·ìÀÇ ¼±¹ßµÈ ȸ¿øµéÀº Áö±Ý Æò¹üÇÑ Å×À̺í ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¾É¾ÆÀÖ¾ú°í ³Ê¹«³ª Æò¹üÇÏ°Ô º¸À̵µ·Ï ±³¹¦ÇÏ°Ô Á¶Á¤Çؼ­ ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

Áö±ÝÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ºñ¹ÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¸í´ÜÀ» ¹àÈ÷¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù: ù ¹ø° Liputin, ±× ´ÙÀ½ Virginsky ÀÚ½Å, Mrs VirginskayaÀÇ ¿ÀºüÀÎ ±Í°¡ Å« Shigalyov, Lyamshin, ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¾î¶² Tolkachenko¶ó´Â »ç¶÷¡ªÁÖ·Î ¾Ç´ç°ú µµµÏµéÀÎ, º¸Åë »ç¶÷µé¿¡ °üÇÑ ±íÀº Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áø °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ 40Âë µÇ´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ Àι°ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼úÁý¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ °¡´Â °ÍÀ» Áß¿ä½ÃÇÏ°í(ºñ·Ï º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¸¸Àº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸) ±×ÀÇ ÃʶóÇÑ º¹Àå°ú ±â¸§ ¹¯Àº ÀåÈ­¿Í ºÎÁ¤Á÷ÇÑ ¸ð½À°ú ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ¾ð¾î¸¦ Àú¼ÓÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇѵΠ¹ø LyamshinÀÌ Stepan Trofimovich¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Àú³á ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ ±×¸¦ µ¥¸®°í ¿Â ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ±×´Â ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÎ»óµµ ÁÖÁö´Â ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â °¡²û¾¿ ¿ì¸® µµ½Ã¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°ï ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ÁÖ·Î ½ÇÁ÷ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§¿´´Ù. ±×´Â öµµ¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇß¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé °¢ÀÚ´Â 5ÀÎ ±×·ìÀÌ ·¯½Ã¾Æ Àüü¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¹é ¼öõÀÇ ±×·± ±×·ìÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÏ »ÓÀÌ°í °¢°¢ÀÇ ±×·ìÀº ¾î¶² °Å´ëÇÑ Áß¾ÓÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÌÁö¸¸ ºñ¹ÐÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ°í, ¶Ç ¸ðµç ±×·ìÀº À¯·´ÀÇ Çõ¸í¿îµ¿¿¡ Á¾¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±×·± ±×·ìµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó´Â È®°íÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ ¼Ó¿¡ 5ÀÎ ±×·ì¿¡ °¡´ãÇϱâ·Î µ¿ÀÇÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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ShigalovÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº Áö±ØÈ÷ ¸Ö¸® ³»´Ùº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 20¼¼±â¿¡ ¡°äÂÖÄ¡±ÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀº Shigalov ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ³ªÄ¡µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ýéÑÃ(Èï±â) ¹× ÀüüÁÖÀDZ¹°¡µéÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû ¿øÄ¢»çÀÌ¿¡ À¯»çÁ¡À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °è±ÞÁ¦µµ(hierarchy)¸¦ À§Çؼ­ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ±ÔÁ¦ÇÏ°í ¾ï¾ÐÇÒ Çʿ伺À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¡°äÂÖÄ¡±Àº ÏÁ °è±Þ»çȸÀÇ ºØ±«¿Í Áú¼­ÀÇ Æı«¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çõ¸íºÐÀÚµéÀº Á¤Ä¡Áú¼­·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏ¿© »çȸȥ¶õÀ» Á¶¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô Çà»çÇÑ´Ù. Peter´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ Æı«È°µ¿À» ÇÏ°í, PeterÀÇ ½º½ÂÀÎ StavroginÀº µµ´öÀû Áú¼­·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÅ»ÇÏ¿© ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÌ°í ¿¹ÃøºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ°í ¸ôµµ´öÀûÀÎ °³ÀÎÀû ÇൿÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿© Dostoevsky´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû ±×¸®°í µµ´öÀû µÎ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÇÁö°¡ ¾î¶² ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ Ý¥áÕ(º¹¼Ó)ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÇÁö´Â Æı«ÀûÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ShigalovÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±ÇÀ§°¡ ¼¼¼ÓÀû ¶Ç´Â Á¦µµÀû ¿øõÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄ»ýµÇ¸é ÃÖÁ¾Àû °á°ú´Â µ¶Àç(tyranny)°¡ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³íÁõÇÑ´Ù. Dostoevsky´Â Àΰ£ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¼¼¼ÓÀû ÇØ°áÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¿Í È¥¶õ ¾Æ´Ï¸é µ¶Àç¿Í Áú¼­ µÑ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Áú¼­°¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç±â À§Çؼ­´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Áú¼­¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇØ ÁÖ´Â µµ´öÀû ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ÆòµîÇÏ°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Þ¸® ¸»Çϸé Àηù°¡ ãêÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¼­ ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ȸº¹ÇÒ ¶§¸¸ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í Áú¼­ÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ÆòÇüÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ãêÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¸ðµç Á¤Ä¡´Â ¾Ç¸¶¿¡°Ô ÏýáÕ(±Í¼Ó)µÇ°í ¸ðµç µµ´öÀû ±ÇÀ§´Â °¡Â¥°¡ µÇ°í Àΰ£ÀÌ ¼¼¿î ¸ðµç °è±ÞÁ¦µµµµ ¾ûÅ͸®°¡ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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