ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ John Locke-¥±

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Toleration

One of the ways in which Locke's political philosophy connects up with his theory of knowledge gives rise to a belief in tolerance. It will be remembered that in his view certainty in our knowledge of the empirical world is not available, but only a kind of working probability. This being so, he sees it as both mistaken and morally wrong for political and religious authorities to impose their beliefs. His view in this matter have had such momentous historical influence that it is worth quoting an example of them in his own words. "Where is the man that has incontestable evidence of the truth of all that he holds, or of the falsehood of all he condemns, or can say that he has examined to the bottom all his own, or other men's, opinions? The necessity of believing without knowledge, nay often upon very slight grounds, in this fleeting stage of action and blindness we are in, should make us more busy and careful to inform ourselves than constrain others."


Influence

Locke did more than any other single thinker to provide the theoretical foundations of liberal democracy. What Americans call their founding fathers, the men who drew up the Constitution of the United States, had Locke consciously in mind while they were doing so, and referred to him by name in their orrespondence with one another. He had a similar influence on French thought throughout the 18th century¡ªVoltaire, Montesquieu and the French Encyclopedists found in his work the basis not only for their political but also for their moral, educational, and philosophical ideas. So he was a key intellectual influence on the American and the French revolutions. It is doubtful whether any philosopher between Aristotle and Karl Marx has had a greater influence on practical affairs.



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