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FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î(177): Moby Dick (Excerpt:¹ßÃé)

It is not, perhaps, entirely because the whale is so excessively unctuous that landsmen seem to regard the eating of him with abhorrence; that appears to result, in some way, from the consideration before mentioned: ie. that a man should eat a newly murdered thing of the sea, and eat it too by its own light. But no doubt the first man that ever murdered an ox was regarded as a murderer; perhaps he was hung; and if he had been put on his trial by oxen, he certainly would have been; and he certainly deserved it if any murderer does. Go to the meat-market of a Saturday night and see the crowds of live bipeds staring up at the long rows of dead quadrupeds. Does not that sight take a tooth out of the cannibal¡¯s jaw? Cannibals? who is not a cannibal? I tell you it will be more tolerable for the Fejee that salted down a lean missionary in his cellar against a coming famine; it will be more tolerable for that provident Fejee, I say, in the day of judgement, than for thee, civilized and enlightened gourmand, who nailest geese to the ground and feasted on their bloated livers in thy pate-de-foie-gras.


But Stubb, he eats the whale, by its own light, does he? and that is adding insult to injury, is it? Look at your knife-handle, there, my civilized and enlightened gourmand dining off that roast beef, what is that handle made of?¡ªwhat but the bones of the brother of the very ox you are eating? And what do you pick your teeth with, after devouring that fat goose? With a feather of the same fowl. And with what quill did the Secretary of Society for the Suppression of Cruelty to Ganders formally indite his circulars? It is only within the last month or two that that society passed a resolution to patronize nothing but steel pens.


À°Áö »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í·¡°í±â¸¦ ¸Ô´Â °Í¿¡ Çø¿À°¨À» °¡Áö°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ °í·¡°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª °úµµÇÏ°Ô ±â¸§ÀÌ ¸¹´Ù´Â °Í ¶§¹®¸¸Àº ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± Çø¿À°¨Àº ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ±× »ý°¢À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °á°úÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. Áï »ç¶÷Àº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Á×ÀÎ ¹Ù´Ù °ÍÀ» ¸Ô¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ç¿¬ÇÑ µíÀÌ ¸Ô¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀǽÉÇÒ ¹Ù ¾øÀÌ ¼Ò¸¦ Á×ÀΠù ¹ø° Àΰ£Àº »ìÀÎÀÚ·Î °£ÁֵǾúÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×´Â ±³¼öÇüÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ¼Òµé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò¾ú´Ù¸é ±×´Â È®½ÇÈ÷ ±³¼öÇü¿¡ óÇØÁ³À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù; ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² »ìÀÎÀÚ¶óµµ ±³¼öÇüÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù¸é ±×´Â È®½ÇÈ÷ ±³¼öÇüÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ¸¶¶¥Çß¾ú´Ù. Åä¿äÀÏ ¹ã¿¡ ¿ìÀ°½ÃÀå¿¡ °¡¼­ ±ä ÁÙ·Î °É¾î ³õÀº Á×Àº ³× ¹ß Áü½ÂµéÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¸°í ÀÖ´Â »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â µÎ ¹ß Áü½ÂµéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó. ±× ±¤°æÀº ½ÄÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ÅÎÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ»¡ Çϳª¸¦ »Ì´Â °Í ¾Æ´Ñ°¡?(º° °Í ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀÌ´Ù). ½ÄÀÎÁ¾À̶ó°í? ½ÄÀÎÁ¾ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àִ°¡? ±× ±¤°æÀº ´ÚÃÄ¿À´Â ±â±Ù¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© ÁöÇÏâ°í¿¡ ±ø¸¶¸¥ ¼±±³»ç¸¦ ¼Ò±Ý¿¡ Àý¿© ³õÀº FeejeeÀε鿡°Ô ´õ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÃÖÈÄÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀÏ¿¡, ¶¥¿¡´Ù °ÅÀ§¸¦ ¸Å¾î ³õ°í (Å°¿ö¼­) °ÅÀ§(pate-de-foie-gras)ÀÇ ºÎÇ®Àº °£À» Áñ±â´Â, ´ç½Åµé, ´ç½Åµé ¹®¸íµÇ°í °³È­µÈ ¹Ì½Ä°¡µéº¸´Ù´Â ¼±°ßÁö¸íÀÌ ÀÖ´Â FejeeµéÀÌ ¿ë¼­¸¦ ´õ ¹ÞÀ»¸¸ÇÑ ÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.


±×·¯³ª Stubb, ±×´Â °í·¡¸¦ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ µíÀÌ ¸Ô´Â´Ù, ±×·±°¡? ±×·¯¸é ±×°ÍÀº »óÇظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷°í ¸ð¿å±îÁö ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù, ±×·¸Áö? ´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ªÀÌÇÁ ¼ÕÀâÀ̸¦ º¸½Ã¿À, ±×·¡, Àú ±¸¿î ºñÇÁ¸¦ ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Â ¹®¸íµÇ°í °³¸íµÈ ¹Ì½Ä°¡¿©, ±× ¼ÕÀâÀÌ´Â ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?¡ª´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× ¼ÒÀÇ ÇüÁ¦ÀÇ »À°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ°Ú½À´Ï±î? ±×¸®°í ±× »ìÂð °ÅÀ§¸¦ Áý¾î »ïŲ ÈÄ¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÌ»¡À» ¾¥½Ê´Ï±î? ±× °°Àº °ÅÀ§ÀÇ ±êÅÐÀÌÁö¿ä. °ÅÀ§Çдë¾ïÁ¦Çùȸ ¼­±â´Â ¹«½¼ ±êÀ» °¡Áö°í °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î üåÜÃ(ȸº¸)¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇմϱî? ±× Çùȸ°¡ öÇʸ¸À» ¾Ö¿ëÇϱâ·Î ÇÏ´Â °áÀǾÈÀ» Åë°ú½ÃŲ °ÍÀº °Ü¿ì ÇÑ µÎ´Þ ÀüÀ̾ú´Ù.


 

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MelvilleÀº Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÔ¿¡ Àý¸ÁÇÑ Ç㹫ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÁö¸¸ ±×¸¦ ´õ¿í Àý¸Á½ÃÅ°°í ºÐ³ëÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ãêÀÌ Ã¢Á¶ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº »ý¸íÀ» âÃâÇϸ鼭 ¶Ç »ý¸íÀ» Á×ÀδÙ. ãêÀº Á×À̱â À§Çؼ­ »ý¸íÀ» ºú¾î³»´Â °Í °°´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬¿¡¼­´Â ߯úª(killing)°¡ »ýÁ¸ÀÇ ±âº»¹ýÄ¢À¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Æ÷°æ¼± PequodÀÇ ¹îÀü¿¡ ¸Å¾î ³õÀº °í·¡¸¦ ¶â¾î¸Ô±â À§ÇØ ¸ð¿©µå´Â »ó¾î ¶¼µéÀº ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Ç¥»óÀÌ´Ù. Queequeg¿Í ¶Ç ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ â©Üý(¼öºÎ)°¡ °í·¡¸¦ »©¾Ñ±âÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇØ Ã¢À¸·Î »ó¾î ¶¼¸¦ ÅðÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Àå¸éÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÀÜÀμºÀ» óÀýÇÏ°Ô ºÎ°¢½ÃŲ´Ù.


¡°±×µéÀº ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ·£ÅÏÀ» ³»·Á ÇÇ·Î ºÓ°Ô ¹°µç ¹Ù´Ù À§¸¦ ºñÃß¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¸í(Queequeg¿Í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼öºÎ)Àº âÀ¸·Î »ó¾îµéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ÂÊÀ» ³»¸®ÂïÀ¸¸é¼­ »ó¾îµéÀ» °è¼Ó Á׿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ Æ¢¾î ¿À¸£°í »ó¾î ¶¼µéÀÌ ¸¶±¸ ³¯¶Ù´Â È¥¶õ ¶§¹®¿¡ »ó¾î°¡ Àß º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ âÀÌ ±Þ¼ÒÀÎ ¸Ó¸®¿¡ ¹Ù·Î ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§µµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ »ó¾îµéÀÇ µµÀúÈ÷ ¹Ï±â ¾î·Á¿î Æ÷¾Ç¼ºÀ» µå·¯³»¾ú´Ù. ±×³ðµéÀº ¼­·Î ¼­·ÎÀÇ Ã¢ÀÚ¸¦ ¶â¾î¸ÔÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸öÀ» Ȱó·³ ±ÁÇô¼­ ÀÚ±â ÀڽŵéÀÇ Ã¢ÀÚµµ ¶â¾î¸Ô´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.¡±


»ó¾î¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Àΰ£µµ »ýÁ¸À» À§Çؼ­´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ý¸íü¸¦ øÚ÷¬(Æ÷Å»)ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® Àΰ£Àº ¸ðµÎ »ìÇØÀÚµéÀÌ¸ç ¿ì¸®°¡ »ìÇØÀÇ ÁË·Î ¹úÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬¿¡´Â ༰ú äÂÀ̶ó´Â °³³äÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬¿¡´Â Moby DickÀÇ Èò»öó·³ °¡Ä¡ÀÇ »öä°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ à¼äÂ(¼±¾Ç)ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é »ó¾î´Â ¹°·Ð Àΰ£µµ »ìÇØÀÇ Á˸ñÀ¸·Î ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. AhabÀº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ µµ´öÀû °øÇã¿Í Ç㹫ÀÇ ÇÏ¾á º®¿¡ ¼±¾ÇÀÇ »ö並 ºÎ¿©ÇÏ·Á´Ù°¡ ÆйèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


°í·¡¸¦ Àâ´Â Æ÷°æ¼±ÀÇ ¼±ÀåÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ AhabÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ºÒ±¸·Î ¸¸µç °í·¡¿¡°Ô º¹¼öÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¿À´ë¾çÀ» ´©ºñ´Â °ÍÀº ÄÚ¹ÍÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ºÎÁ¶¸®ÇÏ´Ù. Moby DickÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¿Á·À» ÇлìÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» »ý¾÷À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â Æ÷°æ¼± ¼±Àå AhabÀÇ ´Ù¸® Çϳª ¶â¾î³»´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ÁË°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬¿¡´Â Á¤ÀÇ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº µµ´öÀÇ Áø°øÁö´ëÀÌ´Ù.


ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µµ´öÀû Ç㹫ÁÖÀǴ óÀ½À¸·Î ÇâÀ¯°í·¡¸¦ ÀâÀº ³¯ ¹ã¿¡ IshmaelÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡ ¶°¿À¸£´Â öÇÐÀû ßÌÒ·(»ó³ä)¿¡¼­µµ ±Ø¸íÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.


¡°ÇÑ »ç¶÷(Stubb)ÀÌ ¹æ±Ý ÀâÀº °í·¡°í±â¸¦ ¸Ô´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× °í·¡ÀÇ ±â¸§À¸·Î ºÒÀ» ¹àÈ÷°í ±× °í±â¸¦ ¸Ô´Â´Ù. ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¼Ò¸¦ Á×ÀÎ Àڴ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ »ìÀÎÀÚ·Î °£ÁֵǾúÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±³¼öÇüÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¼ÒµéÀÌ ÀçÆÇ°üÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀçÆÇÀ» Çß´õ¶ó¸é ±×´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±³¼öÇüÀ» ´çÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ìÀÎÀÚ¸¦ ±³¼öÇü¿¡ óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¶¶¥ÇÏ´Ù¸é ±×µµ ´ç¿¬È÷ ±³¼öÇüÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Åä¿äÀÏ ¹ã¿¡ À°°í±â ½ÃÀå¿¡ °¡º¸¶ó. ±×¸®°í Á×Àº ³× ¹ß ´Þ¸° Áü½ÂµéÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¸°í ÀÖ´Â »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â µÎ ¹ß ´Þ¸° Áü½Âµé(»ç¶÷µé)À» º¸¾Æ¶ó.¡¦½ÄÀÎÁ¾À̶ó°í? ½ÄÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾îµð Àִ°¡? ±â±Ù¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© »©»© ¸¶¸¥ ¼±±³»ç¸¦ ¼Ò±Ý¿¡ Àý¿© ÁöÇÏâ°í¿¡ º¸°üÇÏ´Â Àú ¾ß¸¸Á· ÇÇÁöÀÎ(Fijian)ÀÌ ´õ ³´Áö. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é °ÅÀ§¸¦ ¶¥¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ¸øÁú Çسõ°í ÆÄÅ×ÀÌ´õǪ¾Æ±×¶ó(»ìÂî¿î °ÅÀ§ÀÇ °£À» °¥¾Æ¼­ ¸¸µç ¿ä¸®)¸¦ Áñ±â´Â ´ç½Åµé ¹®¸íÈ­µÇ°í °è¸íµÈ ¹Ì½Ä°¡º¸´Ù´Â ¼±°ßÁö¸íÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Àú ÇÇÁöÀÎÀÌ ÃÖÈÄÀÇ ½ÉÆÇ ³¯¿¡ ´õ ³ªÀº ´ë¿ì¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °Å¾ß.¡±


Á¦69Àå ¡°Àå·Ê¡±(The Funeral, í÷ÖÉ)´Â ÀÜÀÎÇÑ »ýÁ¸Á¶°Ç°ú Ç㹫ÁÖÀÇÀû ¿ìÁÖ°üÀ» ãÌîÜ(½ÃÀû)À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. 


¡°°Å´ëÇÑ ÅÂŬ(È°Â÷¿Í ·ÎÇÁ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¹°°ÇÀ» ¿À¸£³»¸®´Â ÀåÄ¡)Àº ÀÌÁ¦ ±×µéÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ³¡³»¾ú´Ù. ¸Ó¸®°¡ À߸®°í ²®ÁúÀÌ ¹þ°ÜÁø °í·¡´Â ´ë¸®¼® ¹«´ýó·³ ºû³­´Ù. Á×Àº °í·¡´Â ºñ·Ï »ö±òÀº º¯ÇßÁö¸¸ Å©±â´Â º°·Î º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °Å´ëÇÏ´Ù.


±×°ÍÀº õõÈ÷ ¸Ö¸® ´õ ¸Ö¸® Ç¥·ùÇØ °£´Ù. ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ÁÙ ¸ð¸£´Â »ó¾îµéÀÌ ±×°Í ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ¹°À» Æ¢±â¸ç °¥¶ó³õ´Â´Ù. °í·¡ ½Ãü À§ÀÇ °ø±â´Â ±Í¸¦ °´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â ¹Ù´å»õµéÀÇ Å½¿å½º·¯¿î ³¯°¹ÁþÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌÄ¡°í, »õµéÀº ÝââÏ(ºñ¼ö) °°Àº ºÎ¸®·Î Á×Àº °í·¡¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇϵíÀÌ Â´Ù. °Å´ëÇÏ°í ¸Ó¸® ¾ø´Â ÇÏ¾á ±× À¯·ÉÀº ¹è·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸Ö¸® Ç¥·ùÇØ °£´Ù. ±×¸®°í °í·¡°¡ Èê·¯°¡´Â ±æ µû¶ó ¼ö½Ê Æò¹æ¹ÌÅÍÀÇ »ó¾î¿Í ¼ö½Ê ÀÔ¹æ¹ÌÅÍÀÇ ¹Ù´å»õµéÀÌ »ìÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÀ½À» ÁõÆøÇØ °£´Ù. ±× ¼Ò¸§³¢Ä¡´Â ±¤°æÀº °ÅÀÇ Á¤Áö »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿©·¯ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È º¸ÀδÙ. ±¸¸§ ÇÑ Á¡ ¾øÀÌ ÆĶõ ÇÏ´Ã ¾Æ·¡, »óÄèÇÑ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼ö¸é À§¿¡¼­, Áñ°Å¿î Ú°ù¦(¹Ìdz)¿¡ ¶°¹Ð¸®¸é¼­, Àú °Å´ëÇÑ Á×À½ÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®°¡ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ Ç¥·ùÇØ °£´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ¸Õ êÀÌØ(¿ø°æ) ¼ÓÀ¸·Î »ç¶óÁø´Ù.¡±


MelvilleÀº °í·¡¸¦ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ Ã¢ÃâÇØ ³»´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ »ý¸íü·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í·¡¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â ÀÚ¿¬¿¡¼­ Ç㹫ÁÖÀÇÀû ¸ð¼ø°ú ºÎÁ¶¸®¸¦ Àý°¨Çß´Ù. °í·¡ÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ Á×À½°ú Á×Àº °í·¡¸¦ ¶â¾î¸Ô´Â »ó¾î¿Í ¹Ù´å»õÀÇ »ì¹úÇÑ »ý¸íÀÇÁö¿¡¼­ µµ´öÀû °¡Ä¡³ª ãêÀÇ ¼·¸®¸¦ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ºÎÁ¶¸®ÇÑ ¼¼°è¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÑ ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ AhabÀÇ ºÐ³ë´Â °øÇãÇÑ ¸Þ¾Æ¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.


 

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