This Socoratic questioning became famous. And it killed two birds with one stone. It exposed the ignorance of people who thought they knew¡ªbut who in fact, as the Delphic oracle had told Socrates, knew no more than he did. And it aroused in the bystanders an interest in a fundamental philosophical question, and got them launched on a discussion of it. Although Socrates seldom came up with any final answers himself (and in any case it would have been part of his method to insist that any such answer itself be probed and questioned, and therefore could not be relied on to be "final"), he stimulated an excited interest in the problems he raised, and made people appreciate more fully than they had before the difficulties involved in trying to solve them.
What lies behind the words?
When Socrates asked a question like "What is justice?" he was not asking for a merely verbal definition. The fact that we apply the word "just" to all sorts of different people, decisions, laws, and sets of arrangements meant, he believed, that there was something common to them, a common property called "justice" which they all shared; and it was the character of this common property that he was trying to uncover. In other words, he believed that something exists called "justice," and that its existence is real, although not material, perhaps some sort of essence, and that he was trying to discover the nature of this abstract reality. This view of his was to be developed in the work of his disciple Plato into a belief in abstract Ideas as the perfect and permanent forms of all the entities and impermanent world of our daily lives.£¼Bryan Magee(1998), The Story of Philosophy£¾
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´Ü¾îÀÇ ìÀØü(À̸é)¿¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ³õ¿© Àִ°¡?
Socrates°¡ ¡°Á¤ÀÇ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡±°°Àº Áú¹®À» ÇÒ ¶§´Â ´ÜÁö ¾ð¾î»óÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ "justice"¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ(different) »ç¶÷µé, °áÁ¤, ¹ý·ü, ±×¸®°í ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ÁýÇÕ¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ±×°Íµé¿¡°Ô´Â ¾î¶² °øÅëÀûÀÎ °Í, ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â "justice"(Á¤ÀÇ)¶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ °øÅëÀûÀΠƯÁúÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ±×´Â ¹Ï¾ú´Ù; ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ Æø·ÎÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ °øÅëÀûÀΠƯÁúÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ̾ú´Ù. ´Þ¸® ¸»Çؼ ±×´Â ¡°Á¤ÀÇ¡±¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ°í ºñ·Ï ¹°ÁúÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ º»Áú(essence)À̶ó°í ¹Ï¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ÀÌ Ãß»óÀû ãùî¤(½ÇÀç)ÀÇ º»¼ºÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·± °üÁ¡Àº ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ Plato(ÇöóÅæ)ÀÇ ¿¬±¸(work)¿¡¼ ¸ðµç ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°í ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ½Çü¿Í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ¼¼°è·Î¼ÀÇ Ãß»óÀûÀÎ À̵¥¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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Socrates½Ä Áú¹®Àº À¯¸íÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸¦ ³ëÃâ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀº ±¸°æÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ öÇÐÀÇ ±Ùº»Àû ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×°í ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑ Åä·ÐÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºñ·Ï Socrates ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ÇØ´äµµ Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÇØ´äÀÚü´Â ±Ô¸íµÇ°í Áú¹®À» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ßÇÏ°í ±×·¡¼ ¡°ÃÖÁ¾Àû(ÇØ´ä)¡±Àº ½Å·ÚµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Áú¹®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÇØ´äÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ±íÀÌ »ý°¢Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. È®´ä°ú È®½ÅÀ» °æ°èÇÏ´Â SocratesÀÇ ¹®´ä¹ýÀº ±×¸¦ ºÐ¿ÀûÀÌ°í Æı«ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Àι°·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ Àǹ®À» °¡Áö¶ó°í °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×·¡¼ ±×´Â ±Ç·Â°ú ±ÇÀ§¸¦ °¡Áø °³ÀεéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸¦ Æø·ÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¹Ì¿òÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¸Å¿ì ³íÀïÀûÀÎ Àι°ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °á±¹ ´ç±¹Àº ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» Ÿ¶ô½ÃŲ´Ù´Â Á˸ñÀ¸·Î ±×¸¦ üÆ÷ÇÏ°í »çÇüÀ» ¼±°íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀçÆÇ°ú Á×À½¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ À̾߱â´Â »ç»óÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ °¡Àå ¿µ°¨À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ºñ±Ø ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
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