A week later, in the afternoon, a number of dogcarts drove up to the farm. A deputation of neighbouring farmers had been invited to make a tour of inspection. They were shown all over the farm, and expressed great admiration for everything they saw, especially the windmill. The animals were weeding the turnip field. They worked diligently, hardly raising their faces from the ground, and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors.
That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse. And suddenly, at the sound of the mingled voices, the animals were stricken with curiosity. What could be happening in there, now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden.
At the gate they paused, half frightened to go on, but Clover led the way in. They tiptoed up to the house, and such animals as tall enough peered in at the dining-room window. There, round the long table, sat half a dozen farmers and half a dozen of the more eminent pigs, Napoleon himself occupying the seat of honour at the head of the table. The pigs appeared completely at ease in their chairs. The company had been enjoying a game of cards, but had broken off for the moment, evidently in order to drink a toast. A large jug was circulating, and the mugs were being refilled with beer. No one noticed the wondering faces of the animals that gazed in at the window.
1ÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ, ¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ¸¹Àº 2·û¸¶Â÷µéÀÌ ³óÀå¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀαÙÀÇ ³óÀåÁÖ ´ëÇ¥µéÀÌ ½ÃÂûÀ» Çϱâ À§Çؼ ÃÊ´ëµÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ³óÀå Àüü¸¦ µÑ·¯º¸¾Ò°í ±×µéÀÌ º» ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ, ƯÈ÷ dzÂ÷¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Å©°Ô °¨ÅºÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¿¹°µéÀº ¹«¹ç¿¡¼ ÀâÃʸ¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶¥¿¡¼ ¾ó±¼À» °ÅÀÇ µéÁö ¾Ê°í, ±×¸®°í Àΰ£À» ´õ µÎ·Á¿öÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é µÅÁö¸¦ ´õ µÎ·Á¿öÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ ¸ð¸£¸é¼, ºÎÁö·±È÷ ÀÏÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×³¯ Àú³á Å« ¿ôÀ½¼Ò¸®¿Í ³ë·¡°¡ ÅÍÁö´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ ³ó°¡ °Ç¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ±×¸®°í °©ÀÚ±â, µÚ¼¯ÀÎ À½¼º(µ¿¹°°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ)À» µè°í, µ¿¹°µéÀº È£±â½ÉÀ¸·Î Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. óÀ½À¸·Î µ¿¹°°ú Àΰ£µéÀÌ ´ëµîÇÑ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼ ȸÀǸ¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±î ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ÀÏÄ¡Çؼ ±×µéÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ³ó°¡ Á¤¿ø ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ±â¾îµé¾î°¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×µéÀº ´ë¹®¿¡¼ °è¼Ó °¡±â¸¦ ¹ÝÂë µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¸é¼ ¸ØÃç¼¹Áö¸¸ Clover°¡ ¾ÈÂÊÀ¸·Î ±æÀ» ÀεµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀº °Ç¹°±îÁö ¹ß³¡À¸·Î ´Ù°¡°¡¼ Å°°¡ Å« µ¿¹°µéÀº ½Ä´ç â°¡¿¡¼ ¾ÈÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù. °Å±â¿¡, ±ä Å×ÀÌºí µÑ·¹¿¡ 6¸íÀÇ ³óÀåÁÖ¿Í 6¸¶¸®ÀÇ °íÀ§ µÅÁöµéÀÌ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú°í Napoleon ÀÚ½ÅÀº Å×ÀÌºí »ó¼®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸í¿¹ÀÇ Á¼®À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µÅÁöµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¼®¿¡¼ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÆíÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ±× ¹«¸®µéÀº Ä«µå °ÔÀÓÀ» Áñ±â°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Ãà¹è¸¦ µé±â À§Çؼ Àá½Ã µ¿¾È °ÔÀÓÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Å« ÁÖÀüÀÚ°¡ µ¹°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ÀܵéÀº ¸ÆÁÖ·Î ´Ù½Ã ä¿öÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé Áß ¾Æ¹«µµ À¯¸®Ã¢¹® ¾ÈÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¸°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹°µéÀÇ ³î¶ó¿öÇÏ´Â ¾ó±¼À» ÃÄ´Ùº¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
*Çؼ³:
ÀÌ·± °æÇâÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÇÐÀÚµéÀº EOTP(ÀιÎÀÇ Àûµé)ÀÌ ¼®¹æµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ¾îµð¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1959³â±îÁö´Â EOTPÀº °íÇâÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ëµµ½Ã¿¡¼ »ì ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. °¨¿ÁµéÀÌ È¸»çÀÇ ¸¶À»·Î º¯ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ±¹¿µ±â¾÷¼ÒÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀº îñ À¯Çü¼öµéÀ» ä¿ëÇÏ¿´°í À¯Çü¼öµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Ä£±¸³ª °¡Á·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Ãâ¿Á ÈÄÀÇ EOTPÀÇ Á¤ÂøÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á´Â ¾øÁö¸¸ 2016³â Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé EOTPÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³ô¾Ò´ø ¼ö¿ë¼Ò Àαٿ¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤Ä¡¹üÀ̾ú´ø ģôÀ» °¡Áö´Â °æÇâÀÌ Æ¯º°È÷ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ Á¶ºÎ¸ð°¡ EOTPÀ̾ú´ø ÀÀ´äÀÚÀÇ 42%´Â ´ëÇп¡ ´Ù³æ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´ëÁ¹ ºñÀ² 31%¿Í ´ëÁ¶°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Åë°èÀÚ·á´Â »ó°ü°ü°è À̸鿡 ÀÖ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ» ¼³¸íÇØÁØ´Ù. ´Ù¼öÀÇ EOTPµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÀÖ´ø °¨¿Á ÀαÙÁö¿ª¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿´°í ±³À°À» Àß ¹ÞÀº ÀÚ¼ÕÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀº µ¿ÀÏ Áö¿ª¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ´ëÁ¹ÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¼ÕÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù.
Joseph StalinÀº "ÀιÎÀÇ Àûµé"À» ¸»»ìÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÏ¿´¾ú´Ù. EOTPÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Àΰ£Àû ÀÚ»ê(´É·Â)ÀÌ Áý´Ü¼ö¿ë¼Òº¸´Ù´Â 60³âÀ̳ª ´õ ¿À·¡ »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾È´Ù¸é ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÇϳªÀÇ À§·Î°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ø»êÁÖÀÇ ±¤½ÅÀÚ StalinÀº ½Ç·Â¿¡ µû¶ó ºÒÆòµîÇÏ°Ô »ì ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ »ýÁ¸Á¶°ÇÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ÃÑÄ®·Î ÆòµîÀ» °ÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î¼ »ìÀθ¶°¡ µÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
*Âü°í: "Levelling up" at gunpoint, The Economist Dec 4th 2021