Nietzsche agreed with Schopenhauer that there is no God, and that this life of ours is a largely meaningless business of suffering and striving, driven along by an irrational force that we can call will. But he rejected Schopenhauer's view that this world is only a part, and what is more an unimportant part, of total reality: he believed it to be whole. Above all, Nietzsche rejected Schopenhauer's conclusion that we should turn away in disgust from such a world, reject it, and withdraw from it. On the contrary, he believed that we should live our lives to the full in it, and get everything we can out of it. The central question posed by Nietzsche's philosophy is how best to do this in a godless, meaningless world.
The Need for New Values
Nietzsche begins by mounting an onslaught on our attachment to existing morals and values. These derive from very largely from ancient Greece plus the Judeo-Christian tradition, he says, which means they come from societies quite unlike any that exist today and from religions in which many if not most of us do not believe. This is an indefensible state of affairs, says Nietsche: we cannot base our lives on value systems whose foundations we repudiate. It makes our lives, and us, bogus. We must either find a base that we really do believe in to support our values or else abandon these values and find others that we can honestly espouse. 〈Bryan Magee, The Story of philosophy〉
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Nietzsche´Â ´ç´ëÀÇ ºñ°üÁÖÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ Schopenhauer¿¡ ½ÉÃëÇÏ¿© ãêÀº Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ºÒ¸êÀÇ ¿µÈ¥µµ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ »îÀº »ý¸íÀÇÁö¶ó´Â ¸ôÀ̼ºÀûÀÎ ÈûÀÌ ¸ô¾ÆºÙÀ̸ç ÀھƳ»´Â ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ °íÅë°ú ÝÇ÷ã(ºÐÅõ)ÀÇ À̾߱â¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô Ç㹫ÇÑ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ »ì±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³ª°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â SchopenhauerÀÇ ¿°¼¼ÁÖÀÇÀû »ç»ó¿¡´Â ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×´Â ¿ì¸®´Â ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇؼ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¼ºÃ븦 ÀÌ·ç´Â »îÀ» »ì¾Æ¾ß Çϸç ßæÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾ò¾î³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. NietzscheÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÌ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â Áß½ÉÀº, ãêÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¾î¶»°Ô Çϸé ÀÌ·± °ú¾÷¡ªÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¼ºÃ롪À» °¡Àå Àß ¼öÇàÇÏ´À³Ä´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
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