Past Wisdom
In Burke's view a developed society is so big and so complicated that a single mind cannot possibly contain it all and understand it. It has come into being over many generations through numberless acts of initiative and organization on the part of individuals and groups who have all had to cope with reality. Its institutions and arrangements embody innumerable choices and decisions, balanced judgements arrived at through experience, preferences based on knowledge. The whole thing is like a vast and complex organism; and it changes organically, developing new capacities in response to need, and perpetually adapting to ever-changing circumstances. It is not at all like a machine which can be built from scratch to a blueprint, and whose working parts can be removed and replaced at will. Neither in theory or in practice could any one political thinker, or any small group of political leaders, wipe out a developed society and replace it with one that was adequate. (This was Burke's fundamental objection to what the French were trying to do.) The only acceptable mode of political change, he thought, and the only one consonant with reality, is organic, not revolutionary. Each generation needs to regard itself not as owning the assets of society but as taking care of them: it has inherited a treasure from the past which it is its duty to pass on, augmented if possible but at any rate not depleted, to future generations. Human beings are imperfect creatures, and therefore the idea that any human society could be perfect is an idle fancy¡ªanother reason why the aims of idealists are unattainable. 〈Bryan Magee, The Story of philosophy〉
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