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¹Ý°øÀÚÀ¯-±³¾ç¿µ¾î(9): The Brothers Karamazov
The Brothers Karamazov (criticism)


*ÇØ¼³: µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í °ø»êÁÖÀÇ

¡´Even if it were proved to me that Christ was outside the truth, and it was really so that the truth were outside of Christ, then I would still prefer to stay with Christ rather than with truth.(Dostoevsky)
±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ Áø¸®¸¦ ¹þ¾î³­ °ÍÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íµÇ´õ¶óµµ, ±×·¡¼­ Áø¸®°¡ Áø½Ç·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ³ª´Â ±×·¡µµ ±× Áø¸®º¸´Ù´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÖ°Ú´Ù. -µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°¡µ

·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¼³°¡ µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°(1821-1881)´Â °øº´»ç°üÇб³ »ýµµ½ÃÀý µ¶¼­±¤À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Ǫ½ÃŲ(Pushkin)À̳ª °í°ñ(Gogol) µî ·¯½Ã¾Æ ÀÛ°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛǰ°ú ¼­ºÎ À¯·´ÀÇ °íÀüµé¡ª¼ÎÀͽºÇǾî, ±«Å×, ¶ó½Ã´À, ¹ßÀÚÅ©, ºòÅ丣 À§°í, ½¯·¯ µî¡ªÀ» àïÖ´(¼··Æ)ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ùÅÍ ½ºÄàÀÇ ¸ðÇè¼Ò¼³°ú È£ÇÁ¸¸ÀÇ ÆÇŸÁö µî ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇÀû ¼Ò¼³¿¡µµ ½ÉÃëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇ´Â ÀÏ»ýÀ» µÎ°í µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆÁö¸¸ 20´ë Àü¹ÝÀÌ Áö³ª°¥ Âë ±×´Â ÀÛǰÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í Àι°µéÀ» Çö½Ç ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ³»±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Çö½Ç(reality) ÀÚüº¸´Ùµµ ´õ ȯ»óÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

°øº´»ç°üÇб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ°í ¼ÒÀ§·Î º¹¹«ÇÏ´ø 1846³â µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°´Â ù ¹øÂ° ÀÚ¿¬ÁÖÀÇ ¼Ò¼³ ¡´°¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡µÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çϸ鼭 ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¹®Çа踦 ¿äµ¿½Ã۸ç Áö½ÄÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ À¯¸íÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ´ç´ë ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¹®´Ü¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ºñÆò°¡¿´´ø º§¸°½ºÅ°(Belinsky)´Â µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°¸¦ ¹®ÇÐÀû õÀç¶ó°í ±ØÂùÇÏ¿´´Ù. º§¸°½ºÅ°´Â ¹®ÇÐÀ» ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀÇ »çȸÀû Á¤Ä¡Àû º¯ÇõÀ» À§ÇÑ ÅõÀï¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼±Àüµµ±¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¹®ÇÐÀº »çȸÀÇ °áÇÔ¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í »çȸÀû ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡´°¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡µÀº º§¸°½ºÅ°ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ é©Ëì(¿ä°Ç)À» ¸¹ÀÌ °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¼³À̾ú´Ù.

±×·¯³ª µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°´Â º§¸°½ºÅ°ÀÇ ÀÌ·± Íí××ñ«ëù(°ø¸®ÁÖÀÇ)Àû ¿¹¼ú°üÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â °íÅë ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ´çÀå ¹º°¡¸¦ ÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ±×¸®°í ¼­±¸ÀÇ ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀû »çȸÁÖÀÇ »ç»óÀ» Á¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é¼­, À¯ÅäÇǾÆÀû »çȸÁÖÀÇ´Â ½ÇõÀû ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüŶó°íµµ °£ÁÖÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ º§¸°½ºÅ°ÀÇ °ú°ÝÇÑ À¯¹°·Ð°ú Çõ¸í»ç»óÀº °áÄÚ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Çõ¸í°¡´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â º§¸°½ºÅ°ÀÇ »çȸÁÖÀÇÀû »ç½ÇÁÖÀǿʹ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÇÐÀÇ ±æÀ» °¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

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±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±â°£ Áß¿¡ ·¯½Ã¾Æ ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ½Ç»óÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô µ¿Á¤°ú Á¸°æÀÇ ¸¶À½À» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç áôúý(¼öÇü) »ýȰÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ±×´Â ¹üÁË ½É¸®(criminal mind)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÅëÂûÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¼³ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¹üÁË¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¿¬ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Í °°´Ù. ¹üÁËÀÚµé°ú ƯÈ÷ ÀϺΠ±Ø¾ÇÀÇ Èä¾Ç¹üµé°ú ¸ÅÀÏ °¡±õ°Ô Á¢ÃËÇϸ鼭 µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°´Â ì¤îñ(ÀÌÀü)ÀÇ À¯ÅäÇǾÆÀû ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ ¹× Àΰ£Àº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î à¼(¼±)ÇÏ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½Àº µÑ ´Ù À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¼º°æÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ »çȸÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â Àΰ£äÂ(¾Ç)ÀÇ Á¦°Å°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀε¥ Á¾±³(±âµ¶±³)¸¸ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸Àç·ÐÀû »ç¾ÇÇÔÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

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µµ½ºÅ俹ÇÁ½ºÅ°ÀÇ Ãæ°í ¡°Àΰ£¾ÇÀº ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­¸¸ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´õ¶ó¸é, ±×·¡¼­ °ø»êÁÖÀǶó´Â ¿ì»óÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, Àηù´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ÇǸ¦ È긮Áö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


9-1-52
Major characters
::Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov::
Fyodor Pavlovich, a 55-year-old 'sponger' and buffoon, is the father of three sons—Dmitri, Ivan and Alexei—from two marriages. He is rumored to have also fathered an illegitimate son, Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, whom he employs as his servant. Fyodor Pavlovich takes no interest in any of his sons, who are, as a result, raised apart from each other and their father. The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel.

::Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov::
Dmitri Fyodorovich (a.k.a. Mitya, Mitka, Mitenka, Mitri) is Fyodor Karamazov's eldest son and the only offspring of his first marriage, with Adelaida Ivanovna Miusov. Dmitri is considered to be a sensualist, like his father, and regularly indulges in nights of champagne-drinking and whatever entertainment and stimulation money can buy. Dmitri is brought into contact with his family when he finds himself in need of his inheritance, which he believes is being withheld by his father. He was engaged to be married to Katerina Ivanovna, but breaks that off after falling in love with Grushenka. Dmitri's relationship with his father is the most volatile of the brothers, escalating to violence as he and his father begin fighting over his inheritance and Grushenka. While he maintains a relationship with Ivan, he is closest to his younger brother Alyosha, referring to him as his 'cherub'.

ÁÖ¿ä µîÀåÀι°
::Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov::
¡°±â»ýÃæ °°Àº Àΰ£¡±ÀÌ°í ¾î¸´±¤´ëÀÎ 55¼¼ÀÇ Fyodor Pavlovich´Â µÎ ¹ø °áÈ¥ÇØ¼­ ³ºÀº ¼¼ ¾Æµé Dmitri¿Í Ivan°ú AlexeiÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÇÏÀÎÀ¸·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ´Â »ç»ý¾Æ Pavel Fyodorovich SmerdyakovÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¶ó´Â ¼Ò¹®µµ ÀÖ´Ù. Fyodor Pavlovich´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ÀüÇô °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø°í ±× °á°ú ¾ÆµéµéÀº ¼­·Î ¼­·Î ±×¸®°í ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Íµµ ¶³¾îÁ®¼­ ¾çÀ°µÇ¾ú´Ù. Fyodor¿Í ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÈ ¾Æµéµé »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ Ç÷ÔÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» ²ø°í °£´Ù.

::Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov::
Dmitri Fyodorovich(a.k.a. Mitya, Mitka, Mitenka, Mitri)´Â Fyodor KaramazovÀÇ Àå³²À̰í Fyodor°¡ Adelaida Ivanovna Miusov¿ÍÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° °áÈ¥¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ á¶ß§(¼Ò»ê)ÀÌ´Ù. Dmitri´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöó·³ À°°¨ÁÖÀÇÀÚ·Î °£Áֵǰí Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ã¿¡ ¼¤ÆäÀÎ ÆÛ¸¶½Ã´Â µ¥ ºüÁ®ÀÖ°í µ·À¸·Î »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¼úÆÇ°ú Àڱؿ¡ ¸ôµÎÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. Dmitri´Â ±×°¡ ¹ÞÀ» À¯»ê(¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ³²±ä)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÒÀ» ¶§ °¡Á·°ú Á¢ÃËÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±×´Â ±× À¯»êÀ» ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ Áã°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. Katerina Ivanovna¿Í °áÈ¥Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾àÈ¥ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ Grushenka¿Í »ç¶û¿¡ ºüÁ® ÆÄÈ¥ÇØ ¹ö¸°´Ù. ÇüÁ¦µé Áß¿¡¼­ Dmitri¿Í ¾Æ¹öÁö¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è°¡ °¡Àå ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤Çؼ­ ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ À¯»ê¹®Á¦¿Í Grushenka¸¦ ³õ°í ½Î¿ï ¶§¿¡ Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î Þ«ûý(ºñÈ­)µÈ´Ù. ±×´Â Ivan(ù° µ¿»ý)°úÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 Alyosha(¸·³»µ¿»ý)¿Í °¡Àå °¡±î¿öÁö°í ±×¸¦ õ»ç¶ó°í ÁöĪÇÑ´Ù.


9-2-53
::Ivan Fyodorovich::
Ivan Fyodorovich (a.k.a. Vanya, Vanka, Vanechka) is the 24-year-old middle son, and the first from Fyodor Pavlovich's second marriage. Ivan is sullen and isolated, but also intellectually brilliant. He is disturbed by the unspeakable cruelty and senseless suffering in the world. In the chapter 'Rebellion' (Bk. 5, Ch. 4), he says to Alyosha: 'It's not God that I don't accept, Alyosha, only I most respectfully return him the ticket.' Ivan's relationship with his father and brothers is rather superficial in the beginning. He finds his father repulsive, and has no positive affection towards Dmitri. While he doesn't dislike Alexei, he seems not to have any deep affection for him either. Ivan falls in love with Katerina Ivanovna, who was Dmitri's betrothed, but she doesn't start to return his feelings until the end. Fyodor Pavlovich tells Alyosha that he fears Ivan more than he fears Dmitri. Some of the most memorable and acclaimed passages of the novel involve Ivan, including the chapter 'Rebellion', his 'poem' 'The Grand Inquisitor' immediately following, the three conversations with Smerdyakov, and his nightmare of the devil (Bk. 11, Ch. 9).

::Ivan Fyodorovich::
24¼¼ÀÇ Ivan Fyodorovich´Â Áß°£ ¾ÆµéÀ̰í Fyodor PavlovichÀÇ µÎ ¹øÂ° °áÈ¥¿¡¼­ ³ºÀº ù ¹øÂ°ÀÌ´Ù. IvanÀº ħ¿ïÇϰí(sullen) °í¸³ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ò±îÜ(ÁöÀû)À¸·Î ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¶Ù¾î³­´Ù. ±×´Â ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸»·Î ´ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÜÀÎÇÔ°í ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ °íÅë ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÌ »ê¶õÇÑ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡°¹Ý¿ª, Rebellion¡±À̶ó´Â íñ(Àå, chapter)¿¡¼­ ±×´Â Alyosha¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù: ¡°Alyosha¾ß, ³»°¡ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ãêÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ß, ´ÜÁö ³ª´Â ¸Å¿ì Á¤ÁßÇÏ°Ô ±×¿¡°Ô Â÷Ç¥¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÙ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.¡± ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ½ÃÀۺκп¡¼­´Â IvanÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ÇüÁ¦µé°úÀÇ °ü°è´Â ´Ù¼Ò ÇÇ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ Çø¿À°¨À» Áشٴ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ°í Dmitri¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¾ÖÁ¤À» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×´Â Alexei¸¦ ½È¾îÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Alexei¿¡°Ô ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±íÀº ï×(Á¤)µµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. IvanÀº DmitriÀÇ ¾àÈ¥³àÀÎ Katerina Ivanovna¸¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°Ô µÇÁö¸¸ ±×³à´Â ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ³¡¿¡ °¡¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò (not...until) ±×ÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡ ÀÀ´äÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Fyodor Pavlovich´Â Alyosha(Alexei)¿¡°Ô Dmitriº¸´Ù´Â IvanÀ» ´õ µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ±â¾ïÇÒ¸¸ÇÏ°í °¡Àå ÂùźÀ» ¹Þ´Â ï½(Àý)Áß¿¡¼­ ¸î¸îÀº '¹Ý¿ª'íñ(Àå)°ú ÀÌ°Í ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â ±×ÀÇ ¡°ãÌ¡±ÀÎ ¡°Ó޽ɹ®°ü¡±°ú Smerdyakov¿Í ³ª´©´Â ¼¼ÆíÀÇ ´ëÈ­¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Ç¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ç¸ù µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.


9-3-54
::Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov::
Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov (a.k.a. Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, Lyoshenka) at age 20 is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, the youngest child by Karamazov's second wife and thus Ivan's full brother. The narrator identifies him as the hero of the novel in the opening chapter, as does the author in the preface. He is described as immensely likable. At the outset of the events, Alyosha is a novice in the local Russian Orthodox monastery. His faith is in contrast to his brother Ivan's atheism. His Elder, Father Zosima, sends him into the world, where he becomes involved in the sordid affairs of his family. In a secondary plotline, Alyosha befriends a group of school boys, whose fate adds a hopeful message to the conclusion of the novel.

::Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov::
Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov is the son of 'Stinking Lizaveta', a mute woman of the street who died in childbirth. His name, Smerdyakov, means 'son of the 'reeking one'. He is rumored to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Pavlovich. He was brought up by Fyodor Pavlovich's trusted servant Grigory Vasilievich Kutuzov and his wife Marfa. Smerdyakov becomes part of the Karamazov household as a servant, working as Fyodor Pavlovich's lackey and cook. He is morose and sullen, and suffers from epilepsy. The narrator notes that as a child, Smerdyakov collected stray cats in order to hang and bury them. Generally aloof, Smerdyakov admires Ivan and shares his atheism.
::Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov::
Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov(Alyosha)´Â Karamazov ÇüÁ¦µé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ªÀ̰¡ ¾î¸®°í KaramazovÀÇ µÑ° ¾Æ³»°¡ ³ºÀº °¡Àå ³ªÀ̰¡ ÀûÀº ¾ÆÀÌÀÌ°í ±×·¡¼­ Ivan°ú ºÎ¸ð°¡ °°Àº ¿ÏÀüÇüÁ¦(full brother)ÀÌ´Ù. ³»·¹ÀÌÅÍ´Â îÊíº(ÀúÀÚ)°¡ ¼­¹®¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÑ °Íó·³ ù ¹øÂ° íñ(Àå)¿¡¼­ ±×¸¦ ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ÁÖÀΰøÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾öû³ª°Ô È£°¨À̰¡´Â Àι°·Î ¹¦»çµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç°Ç(¼Ò¼³)ÀÇ ½ÃÃÊ¿¡ ±×´Â ·¯½Ã¾Æ ïáÎç(Á¤±³)ÀÇ Áö¹æ ¼öµµ¿øÀÇ ¼ö·Ã áóÞÍ(¼ö»ç)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ½Å¾ÓÀº ±×ÀÇ Çü IvanÀÇ ¹«½Å·Ð°ú ´ëºñµÈ´Ù. ±×¸¦ ÁöµµÇÏ´Â Àå·ÎÀÎ Zosima ½ÅºÎ´Â ±×¸¦ ¼¼»ó ¼ÓÀ¸·Î º¸³»´Âµ¥ ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±×´Â °¡Á·ÀÇ ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ »ç°Ç°ú ¾ôÈ÷°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ Üùó­(ºÎÂ÷) À̾߱â(secondary plotline)¿¡¼­ Alyosha´Â ÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ Çб³ ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú Ä£ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ±× ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ °á·Ð¿¡ Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸ÅÄ´Ù.

::Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov::
Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov´Â ¡°¾ÇÃë ³ª´Â Lizaveta¡±ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̰í Lizaveta´Â Ãâ»êÇÏ´Ù°¡ Á×Àº °Å¸®ÀÇ º¡¾î¸® ¿©ÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ À̸§ Smerdyakov´Â ¡°¾ÇÃë dz±â´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾Æµé¡±À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â Fyodor PavlovichÀÇ »ç»ý¾Æ¶ó´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â Fyodor Pavlovich·ÎºÎÅÍ ½Å·Ú¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÏÀÎÀÎ Grigory Vasilievich Kutuzov ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³» Marfa¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾çÀ°µÇ¾ú´Ù. Smerdyakov´Â ÇÏÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ KaramazovÊ«(°¡)ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÇ¾î Fyodor PavlovichÀÇ ÇÏÀÎ °â ¿ä¸®»ç·Î¼­ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ħ¿ïÇÏ°í ´Ã È­°¡ ³­ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °£Áúº´À¸·Î °íÅë ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³»·¹ÀÌÅÍ´Â Smerdyakov´Â ¾ÆÀÌ¿´À» ¶§ ¹ö·ÁÁ® µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â °í¾çÀ̸¦ Îí߯(±³»ì)ÇÏ¿© ¸ÅÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °í¾çÀ̸¦ ¼öÁýÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÊ¿¬ÇØ Çϸ鼭, Smerdyakov´Â IvanÀ» ¼þ¹èÇϸ鼭 ±×¿Í ¹«½Å·ÐÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù.
 

9-4-55
::Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova::
Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova (a.k.a. Grushenka, Grusha, Grushka), is a beautiful and fiery 22-year-old woman with an uncanny charm for men. In her youth she was jilted by a Polish officer and subsequently came under the protection of a tyrannical miser. The episode leaves Grushenka with an urge for independence and control of her life. Grushenka inspires complete admiration and lust in both Fyodor and Dmitri Karamazov. Their rivalry for her affection is one of the most damaging factors in their relationship. Grushenka seeks to torment and deride both Dmitri and Fyodor as an amusement, a way to inflict upon others the pain she has felt at the hands of her 'former and indisputable one'. However, as a result of her growing friendship with Alyosha, she begins to tread a path of spiritual redemption, and hidden qualities of gentleness and generosity emerge, though her fiery temper and pride are ever present.

::Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva::
Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva (a.k.a. Katya, Katka, Katenka) is Dmitri's beautiful fiancée, despite his open forays with Grushenka. Her engagement to Dmitri is chiefly a matter of pride on both their parts, Dmitri having bailed her father out of a debt. Katerina is extremely proud and seeks to act as a noble martyr, suffering as a stark reminder of everyone's guilt. Because of this, she cannot bring herself to act on her love for Ivan, and constantly creates moral barriers between him and herself. By the end of the novel, she too, begins a real and sincere spiritual redemption, as seen in the epilogue, when she asks Mitya and Grushenka to forgive her.

::Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova::
Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova(Grushenka)´Â ³²Àڵ鿡°Ô ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ ¸Å·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ¾Æ¸§´ä°í ºÒ°°Àº ¼º°ÝÀÇ 22¼¼ÀÇ ¿©¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀþÀ» ¶§ ±×³à´Â ¾î¶² Æú¶õµåÃâ½Å Àå±³¿¡°Ô ¹ö¸²¹Þ¾Ò°í ±× ÈÄ¿¡ Æø±º °°Àº ¼öÀü³ëÀÇ º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¡ÇǼҵå´Â Grushenka·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×³àÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ µ¶¸³°ú ÅëÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­¿­ÇÑ ¿å¸Á(urge)À» °¡Áöµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Grushenka´Â Fyodor¿Í Dmitri µÑ ´Ù¿¡°Ô ¿Ïº®ÇÑ Âùź°ú ï×é¯(Á¤¿å)À» ºÒ¾î ³Ö´Â´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾ÖÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ °æÀïÀº ±×µé(Ý«í­)ÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ À־ °¡Àå ÆÄ¸êÀûÀÎ ¿äÀÎ ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. Grushenka´Â Fyodor¿Í Dmitri¸¦ Àç¹Ì»ï¾Æ¼­ °í¹®Çϰí Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Ãß±¸Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¡°ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¸í¹éÇÑ °íÅ롱ÀÇ ¼Õ¾Æ±Í¿¡¼­ ±×³à°¡ ´À²¼´ø °íÅëÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Alyosha¿ÍÀÇ Àڶ󳪴 ¿ìÁ¤ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ±×³à´Â Àç»ýÀÇ ±æÀ» ¹â°Ô µÇ°í ºñ·Ï ±×³àÀÇ ºÒ°°Àº ¼ºÁú°ú ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀº ±×´ë·Î Á¸¼ÓÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼û°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´ø(±×³àÀÇ ³»¸é¿¡) ºÎµå·¯¿ò°ú °ü¿ëÀÇ ÀÚÁúÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.
 
::Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva::
Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva´Â DmitriÀÇ Grushenka¿ÍÀÇ °ø°³ÀûÀÎ èâÔ³(¿Üµµ,forays)¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí DmitriÀÇ ¹Ì¸ðÀÇ ¾àÈ¥³àÀÌ´Ù. Dmitri°¡ ÀÚ±âÀÇ µ·À¸·Î KaterinaÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ºÎä¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×³à°¡ Dmitri¿Í ¾àÈ¥ÇÑ °ÍÀº µÎ »ç¶÷ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ·Î ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀÌ °É¸° ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. Katerina´Â ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀÌ Áö±ØÈ÷ °­ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á˸¦ »ó±â½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷(reminder)À¸·Î¼­, °íÅë´çÇÏ´Â °í»óÇÑ ¼ø±³ÀÚó·³ ÇൿÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×³à´Â Ivan¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ» ½Çõ¿¡ ¿Å±æ ¼ö ¾ø°í ±×·¡¼­ Ivan°ú ÀڽŻçÀÌ¿¡ µµ´öÀû Àå¾Ö¹°À» °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù. ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ³¡¿¡, epilogue(³¡¸»)¿¡¼­ º¸À̵íÀÌ, ±×³à°¡ Mitya(Dmitri)¿Í Grushenka¿¡°Ô ¿ë¼­¸¦ ±¸ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ±×³àµµ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ̰í ÁøÁöÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀû Àç»ýÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

 
9-5-56
::Father Zosima, the Elder::
Father Zosima is an Elder and spiritual advisor (starets) in the town monastery and Alyosha's teacher. He is something of a celebrity among the townspeople for his reputed prophetic and healing abilities. His spiritual status inspires both admiration and jealousy among his fellow monks. Zosima provides a refutation to Ivan's atheistic arguments and helps to explain Alyosha's character. Zosima's teachings shape the way Alyosha deals with the young boys he meets in the Ilyusha storyline.

::Ilyusha::
Ilyusha (a.k.a. Ilyushechka, or simply Ilusha in some translations) is one of the local schoolboys, and the central figure of a crucial subplot in the novel. His father, Captain Snegiryov, is an impoverished officer who is insulted by Dmitri after Fyodor Pavlovich hires him to threaten the latter over his debts, and the Snegiryov family is brought to shame as a result. The reader is led to believe that it is partly because of this that Ilyusha falls ill, possibly to illustrate the theme that even minor actions can touch heavily on the lives of others, and that we are 'all responsible for one another'.

::Father Zosima, the Elder::
Zosima ¿øÀåÀº ¼öµµ¿øÀÇ Àå·ÎÀ̰í Á¤½ÅÀû Á¶¾ðÀÚÀ̰í AlyoshaÀÇ ½º½ÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ¿¹¾ð´É·Â°ú Ä¡À¯´É·Â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±× Áö¿ª»ç¶÷µé(townspeople)¿¡°Ô´Â Àú¸íÀλ簡 µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ÁöÀ§´Â µ¿·á ¼öµµ»çµé¿¡°Ô °æÅº°ú ÁúÅõ¸¦ ÀھƳ»°í ÀÖ´Ù. Zosima´Â IvanÀÇ ¹«½Å·Ð ÁÖÀå¿¡ ¹Ý·ÐÀ» Á¦½ÃÇϰí AlyoshaÀÇ ÀΰÝÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ZosimaÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§Àº Alyosha°¡ Ilyusha À̾߱⿡¼­ ¸¸³ª´Â ¾î¸° ¼Ò³âµéÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Çü¼º(shape)ÇØ ÁØ´Ù.

::Ilyusha::
Ilyusha´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ ³²Çлý ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ°í ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎÂ÷Àû ÁٰŸ®ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Àι°ÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö Snegiryov ´ëÀ§´Â °¡³­¿¡ Âîµç Àå±³(Åð¿ª)À̰í Fyodor Pavlovich°¡ DmitriÀÇ ºÎä¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ±×¸¦ Çù¹ÚÇϱâ À§ÇØ °í¿ëÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Dmitri·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ð¿åÀ» ´çÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±× °á°ú·Î Snegiryov °¡Á·Àº ¸ð¿åÀ» ´çÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µ¶ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ ÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ Ilyusha°¡ º´ÀÌ ³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ», ¶Ç ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÛÀº Çൿµµ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î¿¡ Å©°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ», ±×¸®°í ¡°¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ´Â ¼­·Î¼­·Î¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¡±À» ¹Ïµµ·Ï À̲ø·Á Áø´Ù.
 

9-6-57
The Conflict Between Faith and Doubt
The central philosophical conflict of The Brothers Karamazov is the conflict between religious faith and doubt. The main characters illustrate the different kinds of behavior that these two positions generate. Faith in the novel refers to the positive, assenting belief in God practiced by Zosima and Alyosha, which lends itself to an active love of mankind, kindness, forgiveness, and a devotion to goodness. Doubt refers to the kind of logical skepticism that Ivan Karamazov practices, which, in pursuing the truth through the logical examination of evidence, lends itself to the rejection of God, the rejection of conventional notions of morality, a coldness toward mankind, and a crippling inner despair. Dostoevsky does not present these positions neutrally. He actively takes the side of faith, and illustrates through innumerable examples how a life of faith is happier than a life of doubt. Doubt, as we see in Smerdyakov¡¯s murder of Fyodor Pavlovich and in Ivan¡¯s breakdown, leads only to chaos and unhappiness. But the novel nevertheless examines the psychology of doubt with great objectivity and rigor. Through the character of Ivan, in chapters such as ¡°The Grand Inquisitor,¡± Dostoevsky presents an incisive case against religion, the Church, and God, suggesting that the choice to embrace religious faith can only be made at great philosophical risk, and for reasons that defy a fully logical explanation.

½Å¾Ó°ú ¹ÏÀ½»çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¥µî
¡°The Brothers Karamazov(Ä«¶ó¸¶Á¶ÇÁ ÇüÁ¦µé)¡±ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀû °¥µîÀº Á¾±³Àû ¹ÏÀ½°ú ÀǽɻçÀÌÀÇ °¥µî(conflict)ÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä Àι°µéÀº ÀÌ µÎ ÀÔÀå(positions)ÀÌ »ý¼ºÇØ ³»´Â »óÀÌÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ ¹ÏÀ½Àº Zosima¿Í Alyosha°¡ ½ÇõÇϰí ÀÖ´Â, ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®Çϰí(positive) Âù¼ºÀûÀÎ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÁöĪÇϰí ÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀº Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Àηù¾Ö¿Í Ä£Àý°ú ¿ë¼­¿Í à¼(¼±)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ úÌãó(Çå½Å)¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇÑ´Ù(lend itself to). ÀǽÉÀº Ivan Karamazov°¡ ½ÇÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ³í¸®Àû üãë÷(ȸÀÇ)¸¦ ÁöĪÇϴµ¥ À̰ÍÀº Áõ°Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³í¸®Àû °ËÁõÀ» ÅëÇØ Áø¸®¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹èô, ÀüÅëÀû µµ´ö°ü ¹èô, Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³Ã´ã, ÆÄ¸êÀûÀÎ(crippling) ³»Àû Àý¸Á¿¡ À̹ÙÁöÇÑ´Ù. Dostoevsky´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÔÀåÀ» Á߸³ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×´Â Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ ÆíÀ» µé°í, ¸¹Àº »ç·Ê(examples)¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ »îÀÌ ÀǽÉÀÇ »îº¸´Ùµµ ÈξÀ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. SmerdyakovÀÇ Fyodor Pavlovich »ìÇØ¿Í IvanÀÇ Û¡ÎÊ(¹ß±¤)¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ ÀǽÉÀº È¥µ·°ú ºÒÇàÀ¸·Î À̲ø »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¼Ò¼³Àº ÀǽÉÀÇ ½É¸®»óŸ¦ ¸Å¿ì °´°üÀûÀÌ°í ¾ö¹Ð(rigor)ÇÏ°Ô Á¡°ËÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. IvanÀ̶ó´Â Àι°À» ÅëÇØ¼­, ¡°´ë½É¹®°ü¡±°ú ±×·± íñ(Àå)¿¡¼­, Dostoevsky´Â Á¾±³¿Í ±³È¸¿Í ãêÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ¿¹¸®ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯(case)¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇϰí, Á¾±³Àû ¹ÏÀ½À» ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Å« öÇÐÀû ¸ðÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ°í ¶Ç ÃæºÐÇÑ ³í¸®Àû ¼³¸íÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.


9-7-58
The Burden of Free Will
The novel argues forcefully that people have free will, whether they wish to or not. That is, every individual is free to choose whether to believe or disbelieve in God, whether to accept or reject morality, and whether to pursue good or evil. The condition of free will may seem to be a blessing, guaranteeing the spiritual independence of each individual and ensuring that no outside force can control the individual¡¯s choices with regard to faith. But throughout The Brothers Karamazov, Dostoevsky portrays free will as a curse, one that particularly plagues those characters who have chosen to doubt God¡¯s existence. Free will can be seen as a curse because it places a crippling burden on humanity to voluntarily reject the securities, comforts, and protections of the world in favor of the uncertainties and hardships of religious belief. Most people are too weak to make this choice, Ivan argues, and most people are doomed to unhappy lives that end in eternal damnation. The Grand Inquisitor story in Book V explores Christ¡¯s biblical rejection of the temptations offered to him by Satan and concludes that Christ was wrong to have rejected them, since his rejection won free will for humanity, but took away security. Nevertheless, the condition of free will is finally shown to be a necessary component of the simple and satisfying faith practiced by Alyosha and Zosima, and the novel¡¯s optimistic conclusion suggests that perhaps people are not as weak as Ivan believes them to be.

ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁöÀÇ ºÎ´ã
¼Ò¼³Àº Àΰ£Àº º»ÀÎÀÌ ¿øÇÏµç ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Êµç ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. Áï ¸ðµç °³ÀÎÀº ãêÀ» ¹Ïµç ¾È ¹Ïµç, µµ´öÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇÏµç °ÅºÎÇϵç, ¼±À» Ãß±¸ÇÏµç ¾ÇÀ» Ãß±¸Çϵç, ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁöÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀº Ãູó·³ º¸À̴µ¥ ÀÌ´Â °¢ °³ÀÎÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû µ¶¸³À» º¸ÀåÇÏ°í ¾î¶² ¿ÜºÎÀÇ Èûµµ °³ÀÎÀÇ ½Å¾Ó¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï º¸Áõ ÇØÁֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¡°Ä«¶ó¸¶Á¶ÇÁ ÇüÁ¦µé¡± Àüü¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ Dostoevsky´Â ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀúÁÖ·Î ±×¸®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ãêÀÇ Á¸À縦 ÀǽÉÇϱâ·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ±×·± Àι°µé¿¡°Ô ƯÈ÷ Àç¾ÓÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Â ÀúÁÖ(·Î ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù). ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö´Â, ±×°ÍÀÌ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô Á¾±³Àû ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º°ú ÍÝÍÈ(°ï°í)¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÏ¿©, ¼¼»óÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ¾ÈÀü°ú ¾È¶ô°ú º¸È£¸¦ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î °ÅºÎÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â, ¸Å¿ì ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ º¸´Â(crippling) ºÎ´ãÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÇϳªÀÇ ÀúÁÖ·Î º¸¿© Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Àΰ£Àº ³Ê¹« ¾àÇØ¼­ ÀÌ·± °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ¼ö°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×·¡¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Àΰ£Àº ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÀúÁÖ·Î ³¡³ª´Â ºÒÇàÇÑ »îÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁø´Ù°í IvanÀº ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. Ïé(±Ç) ¥¥ÀÇ ´ë½É¹®°ü À̾߱â´Â Christ°¡ ¾Ç¸¶¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±×¿¡°Ô Á¦¾ÈµÈ ½ÃÇè(temptations, À¯È¤)À» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í(¼º¼­¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â À̾߱â, biblical)À» Ž»öÇϰí, ¿¹¼öÀÇ °ÅºÎ´Â Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸(won) Àΰ£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ »î(security)À» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡¹ö·È±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Christ°¡ Ʋ·È´Ù°í °á·Ð ³»¸°´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁöÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀº °á±¹ Alyosha¿Í Zosima°¡ ½ÇõÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ¸¸Á·½º·¯¿î ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò(component)ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¸ç ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ ³«°üÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ °á·ÐÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ Àΰ£Àº IvanÀÌ ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ±×·¸°Ô ¾àÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
 

9-8-59
The Pervasiveness of Moral Responsibility
One of the central lessons of the novel is that people should not judge one another, should forgive one another¡¯s sins, and should pray for the redemption of criminals rather than their punishment. Zosima explains that this loving forgiveness is necessary because the chain of human causation is so interwoven that everyone bears some responsibility for the sins of everyone else. That is, one person¡¯s actions have so many complicated effects on the actions of so many other people that it is impossible to trace all the consequences of any single action. Everything we do is influenced by innumerable actions of those around us, and as a result, no one can be held singly responsible for a crime or for a sin. This idea of shared responsibility is abhorrent to characters in the novel who doubt God and Christianity, especially Ivan, who repeatedly insists that he is not responsible for the actions of anyone but himself. Ivan¡¯s arguments counter a belief in mutual responsibility, since he believes that without God or an afterlife, there is no moral law. In a world in which the absence of God makes moral distinctions meaningless, people are logically justified in simply acting out their desires. Additionally, Ivan¡¯s deep distrust of human nature makes him inclined to keep the rest of humanity at a chilly distance, and the idea that the things he does affect other people makes him emotionally uncomfortable.
 
µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ È®»ê¼º
¼Ò¼³ÀÇ Áß½ÉÀû ±³ÈÆ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â Àΰ£Àº ¼­·Î¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¼­·ÎÀÇ Á˸¦ ¿ë¼­ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í ¹üÁËÀÚµéÀÇ Çü¹úº¸´Ù´Â Àç»ýÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±âµµÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Zosima´Â Àΰ£Àû ì×Íý(Àΰú)ÀÇ ææáð(¿¬¼â)´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ¼­·Î ¾ôÇôÀ־ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁË¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç¶ûÀÇ ¿ë¼­´Â ÇʼöÀûÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. Áï ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÇàÀ§´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ³Ê¹«³ª º¹ÀâÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç(any) ´Üµ¶ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ¸ðµç °á°ú¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹«¼öÇÑ Çൿ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®°í ±× °á°ú·Î¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹üÁ˳ª ÇϳªÀÇ ÁË¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áú ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ °øµ¿(shared)Ã¥ÀÓ »ç»óÀº, ãê°ú ±âµ¶±³¸¦ ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼³ ¼ÓÀÇ Àι°µé¿¡°Ô´Â, ƯÈ÷ Ivan¿¡°Ô´Â, Áú»öÀÌ µÇ´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ÀڽŠ¿ÜÀÇ ´©±¸ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. IvanÀº ãêÀ̳ª Ò­á¦(³»¼¼)°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ´ö·üµµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¹Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº »óȣåÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ¹Ý´ë°¡ µÈ´Ù. ãêÀÇ ÝÕ¡ µµ´öÀû Ư¼ºÀ» ¹«ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼­´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ½ÇÇàÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â´Â °ÍÀÌ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤´çÈ­ µÈ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ Àΰ£¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IvanÀÇ ±íÀº ºÒ½ÅÀº ±×·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ³ª¸ÓÁö ´Ù¸¥ Àΰ£(ÀڽŠ¿ÜÀÇ)°ú´Â Â÷°©°Ô °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ´Â °æÇâÀ» °®°Ô ÇÏ°í ±×°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ Å¸Àε鿡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» Áشٴ »ý°¢ÀÌ ±×¸¦ Á¤¼­ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÆíÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù.
 

9-9-60
When Smerdyakov explains to Ivan how Ivan¡¯s amoral philosophical beliefs have made it possible for Smerdyakov to kill Fyodor Pavlovich, Ivan is suddenly forced to accept the harshest consequences of his relentless skepticism: not only has his doubt paved the way for murder, but he has no choice but to admit his own complicity in the execution of that murder. Ivan suddenly understands the nature of moral responsibility as it has been explained by Zosima, and the sudden comprehension is so overwhelming that it leads to a nervous breakdown—Dostoevsky¡¯s final depiction of the consequences of doubt.

Crime and Justice
In the context of the novel¡¯s larger exploration of sin, redemption, and justice, a major motif in the novel is the idea of crime and criminal justice. The crimes portrayed in the novel are also sins, or crimes against God, and the novel presents them in such a way as to suggest that human beings are not capable of passing judgment on one another. The only true judge, as we see in the aftermath of Dmitri¡¯s wrongful conviction, is the conscience. Images of criminal justice in the novel occur most prominently in the debate between Ivan and the monks about ecclesiastical courts, in the story of the Grand Inquisitor, and in Dmitri¡¯s arrest, imprisonment, and trial.

Smerdyakov°¡ Ivan¿¡°Ô IvanÀÇ ¸ôµµ´öÀû öÇÐÀû ½Å³äÀÌ Smerdyakov·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Fyodor Pavlovich¸¦ »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÒ ¶§ IvanÀº ±×ÀÇ ³ÃȤÇÑ(relentless) üãë÷ñ«ëù(ȸÀÇÁÖÀÇ: ½ÅÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í)ÀÇ °¡È¤ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ °©Àڱ⠹޾ƵéÀÏ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀǽÉ(½ÅÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ)Àº »ìÀÎÀÇ ±æÀ» ´Û¾ÒÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× »ìÇØÀÇ ½ÇÇà¿¡ À־ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÍìÙÇ(°ø¸ð)¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. IvanÀº Zosima°¡ ¼³¸íÇØ¿Â µµ´öÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÇ º»Áú(nature)À» °©ÀÚ±â ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±× °©ÀÛ½º·± ÀÌÇØ(comprehension)´Â Çϵµ ¾ÐµµÀûÀ̾ ±×¸¦ ½Å°æ¼è¾àÀ¸·Î À̲ö´Ù—(À̰ÍÀº)ÀǽÉÀÇ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ DostoevskyÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ¹¦»ç(¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù).

¹üÁË¿Í Á¤ÀÇ
ÁË¿Í Àç»ý°ú Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ Å« ޱ¸ÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ ÁÖµÈ ¸ðƼÇÁ´Â ¹üÁË¿Í ¹üÁËÀû Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢(idea)ÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ ¹¦»çµÈ ¹üÁË´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁËÀ̰ųª ¹üÁËÀÌ¸ç ¼Ò¼³Àº Àΰ£Àº ¼­·Î¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ½ÉÆÇÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Â ±×·± ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±×°Íµé(ÁË¿Í ¹üÁË)À» Ç¥ÃâÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Dmitri¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ À¯ÁËÆÇ°á(conviction)ÀÇ æ®÷î(¿©ÆÄ)¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇϰí ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÇ»ç´Â ¾ç½ÉÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ ¹üÁËÀû Á¤ÀÇ(Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á˰¡ µÇ´Â Á¤ÀÇ)ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö´Â ´ë½É¹®°ü À̾߱⿡ ³ª¿À´Â Ivan°ú, ¼öµµ½Âµé »çÀÌÀÇ ±³È¸ÀçÆÇ¼Ò¿¡ °üÇÑ ³íÀï°ú, DmitriÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷¿Í Åõ¿Á°ú ÀçÆÇ¿¡¼­, °¡Àå ¼±¸íÇϰÔ(prominently) ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.
 

9-10-61
Redemption Through Suffering
A central part of Dostoevsky¡¯s exploration of spiritual redemption is the idea that self-knowledge is necessary for a person to be redeemed. As Zosima explains in Book I, only when a man knows himself and faces himself honestly can he come to love others and love God. The principal way to arrive at that self-knowledge is through suffering. Suffering can occur either through the grief and guilt of sin, or, as in the case of Grushenka and Ivan, through the agony of illnesses that are metaphors for spiritual conditions. Apart from the sufferings of Grushenka and Ivan, the other major embodiment of this motif in the novel is Dmitri, who suffers through the misery of realizing his own evil before he can embrace his goodness. When Lise willfully slams her fingers in the door, she provides another, bitterly ironic instance of the motif. Lise wants to punish herself for being wicked, but her idea of suffering is so shallow, vain, and ridiculous that it is not really a serious attempt at redemption.

°íÅëÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±¸¿ø
DostoevskyÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ±¸¿øÀÇ Å½±¸ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº Àΰ£(person)ÀÌ ±¸¿ø¹Þ±â À§Çؼ­´Â ÀÚ±âÀνÄÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̶ó´Â »ç»óÀÌ´Ù. Book I¿¡¼­ Zosima°¡ ¼³¸íÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ Àΰ£ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÀνÄÇϰí ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Á¤Á÷ÇÏ°Ô ´ë¸éÇÒ ¶§¸¸ÀÌ Å¸ÀÎÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ãêµµ »ç¶ûÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ±âÀνĿ¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ÁÖµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀº °íÅëÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ÀÌ´Ù. °íÅëÀº ½½Çİú ÁËÀǽÄ(guilt of sin)À» ÅëÇØ¼­, ȤÀº Grushenka¿Í IvanÀÇ °æ¿ìó·³, Á¤½Å»óÅ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ëßêç(ÀºÀ¯)ÀÎ, Áúº´ÀÇ ½ÉÇÑ °íÅëÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ Grushenka¿Í IvanÀÇ °íÅë ¿Ü¿¡µµ ÀÌ ¸ðƼÇÁÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ûùãó(È­½Å)Àº DmitriÀε¥ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ à¼(ÀڽŠ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â)À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ±â Àü¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á˾ÇÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ´Â °íÅë(misery)À» ÅëÇØ¼­ °í³­À» ´çÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Lise°¡ ¹®À» Äç ´ÝÀ¸¸ç ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÄ¡°Ô ÇÒ ¶§, ±×³à´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ðƼÇÁÀÇ ºñÅëÇÑ ÚãåÞ(¹Ý¾î)ÀûÀÎ çÓ(¿¹)¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. Lise´Â ±×³àÀÇ »ç¾ÇÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¹úÁֱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×³àÀÇ °íÅë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢Àº ³Ê¹« õ¹ÚÇϰí Ç㿵¿¡ Â÷ÀÖ°í Å͹«´Ï¾ø¾î¼­ ±×°ÍÀº ±¸¿øÀ» ÇâÇÑ Áø½Ç·Î ÁøÁöÇÑ ½Ãµµ¶ó°í´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
 

9-11-62
Although The Brothers Karamazov is fundamentally an exploration of religious faith, the novel supports the idea that the choice to believe in God cannot be fully explained in rational terms. Profound, inexplicable gestures often take the place of argumentative dialogue. These gestures defy explanation, but convey a poetic sense of the qualities that make faith necessary and satisfying for the human soul. Examples of these profound, enigmatic gestures include Zosima kneeling before Dmitri in Book I, Christ kissing the Grand Inquisitor in Book V, Alyosha kissing Ivan in the same book, Zosima embracing the Earth just before he dies in Book VI, and Alyosha kissing the ground after his dream in Book VII. Each of these gestures can only be partially explained. Zosima, for example, kneels before Dmitri to acknowledge the suffering Dmitri will face. But none of these gestures can be fully explained, and their ambiguity is a way of challenging the rational paradigm that Ivan embraces.

Characters as Symbols
Because The Brothers Karamazov is both a realistic novel and a philosophical novel, Dostoevsky¡¯s characterizations tend to yield fully drawn, believable individuals who also represent certain qualities and ideas bearing on the larger philosophical argument. The drama acted out between the characters becomes the drama of the larger ideas in conflict with one another.

¡°Ä«¶ó¸¶Á¶ÇÁÊ«ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¡±´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¾±³Àû ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Å½±¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ ãê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç»óÀ» ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù. Á¾Á¾ ½É¿ÀÇÏ°í ¼³¸íÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ Çൿ(gestures)ÀÌ ³íÀïÀûÀÎ ´ëÈ­¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. À̵é ÇൿµéÀº ¼³¸í¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏÁö¸¸(¼³¸íÇϱⰡ ÈûµéÁö¸¸) Àΰ£ ¿µÈ¥À» À§Çؼ­´Â ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ°í ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¸¸Á·½º·´°Ô ¸¸µå´Â íÀòõ(ÀÚÁú, features)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÃÀûÀÎ ´À³¦(sense)À» Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌµé ½É¿ÀÇϰí ÜôʦÞÖì¡(ºÒ°¡»çÀÇ)ÇÑ ÇൿÀÇ ¿¹´Â Book I¿¡¼­ Zosima°¡ Dmitri ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¹«¸­À» ²Ý´Â °Í, Book V¿¡¼­ Christ°¡ ´ë½É¹®°ü¿¡°Ô Ű½ºÇÏ´Â °Í, °°Àº Ã¥(Book V)¿¡¼­ Alyosha°¡ Ivan¿¡°Ô Ű½ºÇÏ´Â °Í, Book VI¿¡¼­ Zosima°¡ Á×±â Àü¿¡ ¶¥À» ²ø¾î ¾Ê´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í Book VII¿¡¼­ Alyosha°¡ ²ÞÀ» ²Û ÈÄ¿¡ ¶¥¿¡ Ű½ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇൿµéÀÇ °¢°¢Àº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î¼­ Zosima´Â Dmitri°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Á÷¸éÇÏ°Ô µÉ °íÅëÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇØÁÖ±â À§Çؼ­ Dmitri¾Õ¿¡ ¹«¸­À» ²Ý´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± Çൿµé Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î´À Çϳªµµ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ ÇൿµéÀÇ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀº IvanÀÌ Ç°°í ÀÖ´Â(embrace) À̼ºÀû »ç°íü°è(paradigm)¿¡ µµÀüÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. 〱¼¼»óÀº À̼ºÀû ³í¸®·Î¸¸ ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å­ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù.¡µ
 
»ó¡À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Àι°
¡°Ä«¶ó¸¶Á¶ÇÁÊ«ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¡±´Â »ç½ÇÀû ¼Ò¼³À̸鼭µµ öÇÐÀû ¼Ò¼³À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ DostoevskyÀÇ ¼º°Ý¹¦»ç(characterizations)´Â, º¸´Ù ´õ Å« öÇÐÀû ÒÕËà(³í°Å, argument)¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ƯÁ¤ ÀÚÁú°ú »ç»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â, ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¹¦»çµÇ°í ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àι°µéÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Àι°µé °£¿¡ ¿¬ÃâµÇ´Â µå¶ó¸¶´Â ¼­·Î »óÃæ(conflict)µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â º¸´Ù ´õ Å« »ç»óÀÇ µå¶ó¸¶°¡ µÈ´Ù.
 

9-12-63
Most of the important symbols in the novel, then, are characters. Almost every major character in the novel embodies a concept: Alyosha represents faith, Ivan represents doubt, and Fyodor Pavlovich represents selfishness and physical appetite. Some characters have more specific designations. Smerdyakov, for instance, works primarily as a living symbol of Fyodor Pavlovich¡¯s wickedness.

Zosima¡¯s Corpse
The monks, including Alyosha, all expect Zosima¡¯s death to be followed by a great miracle that will commemorate his extraordinary wisdom and virtue in life. They even expect that he will prove to be a saint. In monastic lore, one of the ways in which a saint can be detected after death is that his corpse, rather than emitting the stench of decay, is instead suffused with a pleasant smell. After Zosima¡¯s death, however, no miracle occurs. Moreover, Zosima¡¯s corpse begins to stink very quickly, exuding a particularly strong and putrid odor, which is taken by his enemies in the monastery as proof of his inner corruption. For Alyosha, who craves a miracle, the indignity visited upon Zosima¡¯s corpse exemplifies the lack of validation with which the world often rewards religious faith. The fate of Zosima¡¯s corpse suggests that faith is not justified by miracles. Rather, the person who chooses faith must do so in defiance of the many reasons to doubt.

±×·¡¼­ ¼Ò¼³¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â Áß¿äÇÑ »ó¡µéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº Àι°µéÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³ÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁÖ¿ä Àι°µéÀº ÇϳªÀÇ °³³äÀ» ûùãó(È­½Å)ÇÑ´Ù. Alyosha´Â ¹ÏÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³»°í IvanÀº üãë÷(ȸÀÇ)¸¦, Fyodor Pavlovich´Â À̱â½É°ú À°Ã¼Àû ¿å¸ÁÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¾î¶² Àι°µéÀº Ưº°È÷ Áö¸íµÈ À̸§(designations)À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î¼­ Smerdyakov´Â Fyodor PavlovichÀÇ »ç¾ÇÇÔÀÇ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â »ó¡À¸·Î¼­ ÁÖ·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

ZosimaÀÇ ã»ãó(½Ã½Å)
Alyosha¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¼­ ¼öµµ½ÂµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ZosimaÀÇ Á×À½ µÚ¿¡ ±×°¡ ßæîñ(»ýÀü)¿¡ ÀÌ·èÇÑ(in life) ±×ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÁöÇý¿Í ¹Ì´öÀ» ±â³äÇØÁÙ À§´ëÇÑ ±âÀûÀÌ µÚµû¶ó ¿Ã °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ½ÉÁö¾î Zosima´Â ¼ºÀÚÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÉ °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼öµµ¿øÀÇ îîã¯(Àü½Â)Áö½Ä¿¡¼­´Â ¼ºÀÚ°¡ ÞÝý­(»çÈÄ)¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ±×ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀÌ ºÎÆÐÀÇ ¾ÇÃ븦 ¹ß»êÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á »óÄèÇÑ Çâ±â·Î µÚµ¤ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ZosimaÀÇ Á×À½ ÈÄ¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±âÀûµµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ZosimaÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀº Ưº°È÷ °­·ÂÇÏ°í ºÎÆÐÇÑ ³¿»õ(odor)¸¦ ¹ß»êÇϸ鼭 ¸Å¿ì »¡¸® ¾ÇÃ븦 dz±â±â ½ÃÀÛÇϸç À̰ÍÀº ¼öµµ¿ø ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×ÀÇ Àûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Ò®îÜ(³»Àû) ºÎÆÐÀÇ Áõ°Å¶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ±âÀûÀ» °¥¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Alyosha¿¡°Ô´Â ZosimaÀÇ ½Ã½Å¿¡ ´ÚÃĿ ¸ð¿åÀûÀÎ ´ë¿ì(indignity)´Â ¼¼»óÀÌ Á¾Á¾ Á¾±³Àû ½Å¾Ó¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â Ýëñ×(ºñÁØ, validation)¿¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿¹½ÃÇÑ´Ù. Zosima ½Ã½ÅÀÇ ¿î¸íÀº ¹ÏÀ½Àº ±âÀû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ Á¤´çÈ­µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¹ÏÀ½À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹ÏÀ½À» ÀǽÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ¯¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇØ¼­ ±×·¸°Ô(¹ÏÀ½À» ¼±ÅÃ) ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

 

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