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1945³â ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹·Î ¸¹Àº À̵éÀº º£Æ®³² ÀüÀïÀ» Á¾½Ä½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ 1973³â 1¿ù 27ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹, ºÏº£Æ®³², ³²º£Æ®³², ³²º£Æ®³² ÀÓ½ÃÇõ¸íÁ¤ºÎ °£¿¡ ü°áµÈ ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º£Æ®³² ÀüÀïÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» ¹Ì±¹ ¹× ³²º£Æ®³²ÀÇ ÀÚÀ§±Ç Çà»ç·Î º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ Á¾ÀüÀ» À§ÇØ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤Àº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ¹Ì±¹Àº ÃⱸÀü·«ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤À» ü°áÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÑ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¿¹¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀÌ Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¡Á® ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿ªÀ¸·Î ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÇØÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â 1973³â ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯ÀÇ ±³ÈÆÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

³²º£Æ®³²ÀÇ ¼Ò¸êÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ 1973³â ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯¿¡´Â ¸î¸î µ¶¼ÒÁ¶Ç×µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶¾à Á¦4Á¶23 ¹× Á¦6Á¶24´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ³²º£Æ®³²¿¡ ±º´ë¸¦ ÁֵнÃų ±Ù°Å¸¦ »ó½Ç½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¦9Á¶25´Â ³²º£Æ®³²¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¡®¹ÎÁ·ÀÚ°á±Ç(people¡¯s right to self-determination)¡¯ Çà»ç¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ³²º£Æ®³²ÀÌ ºÏº£Æ®³²¿¡ º´Çյǵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀû ±Ù°Å¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áï, ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ Ã¶±ºÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ 1973³â ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯ÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÚ°á±Ç °³³äÀÌ °­Á¶µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ³²º£Æ®³²ÀÇ º´ÇÕÀ» ¹ÎÁ·ÀÚ°á±Ç Çà»ç·Î È£µµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

1973³â ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ º¸µí ¸¸¾à 1953³â Á¤ÀüÇùÁ¤ÀÌ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤À¸·Î ´ëüµÈ´Ù¸é ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ °³¹ß Æ÷±â ¶Ç´Â Çѹݵµ ºñÇÙÈ­°¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë±ÞºÎ·Î ÁÖÇѹ̱º ö¼ö ¶Ç´Â Çѹ̻óÈ£¹æÀ§Á¶¾à Æó±â, ¹ÎÁ·ÀÚ°á±Ç Á¸Áß µîÀÌ Æ÷Ç﵃ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¿¹»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¹«·Â»ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ¹ýÈ­ µÈ Çö UN üÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡¼­ Çѹݵµ°¡ ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀüÀï»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ°í µû¶ó¼­ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ Ã¼°áµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀº Áö³­ 70¿©³â °£ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¿Â ±¹Á¦¹ý Áú¼­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áß´ëÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ´Ù. ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¹«·Â»ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ±¹Á¦¹ý ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ±ÇÀ§ÀÚÀÎ ¿ä¶÷ µò½ºÅ¸ÀÎ(Yoram Dinstein)µµ ¡°¸¸¾à Á¤ÀüÇùÁ¤ üÁ¦°¡ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇѹݵµÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Àû´ëÇàÀ§°¡ Àç°³µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ¡®»õ·Î¿î¡¯ ÀüÀïÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÏ »Ó¡±À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù.26 Çѹݵµ´Â ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î º°µµÀÇ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ Æ÷±â µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ëÇѹα¹°ú ºÏÇÑ °£¿¡ ¡®½ÇÁúÀûÀΡ¯ ÆòÈ­ »óÅ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¹Ì±¹Àº ºÏÇÑÀ» ±¹Á¦¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹°¡·Î ½ÂÀÎÇÏ°í ¿Ü±³°ü°è¸¦ Á¤»óÈ­ ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀÌ ÆòÈ­¸¦ ´ãº¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ Æ÷±â µî ¡®Çö»óÀÇ º¯È­¡¯°¡ ÆòÈ­¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ ¹®Á¦´Â ºÏÇÑÀÌ ÀǵµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ¹Ì±¹ ´ë ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±¹Á¦»çȸ ´ë ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¹®Á¦À̸ç, ºÏÇÑÀº ±¹Á¦»çȸ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¡®Àǹ«¡¯ÀÎ ÇÙ Æ÷±â¸¦ ´ë°¡·Î ¹Ì±¹°úÀÇ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀ» ¿ä±¸Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤µµ Á¶¾àÀÌ°í ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§¹ÝÀº ±¹Á¦¹ý À§¹ÝÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î ±»ÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ ¶Ç´Â ´ëÇѹα¹ÀÌ ºÏÇÑ°ú ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤À» ü°áÇÏ¿© Çѹݵµ ÆòÈ­¸¦ ¹ýÀû Ʋ ¾È¿¡ ³õÀ» ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÁÖÇѹ̱º ö¼ö ¶Ç´Â Çѹ̻óÈ£¹æÀ§Á¶¾à Æó±â µîÀÌ ±¹Á¦¹ý»ó Àǹ«°¡ µÈ´Ù¸é ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´õ Å« ¾Èº¸ ºÎ´ãÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Â °á°ú·Î À̾îÁö°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 

5. ³ª°¡¸ç

Çö UN üÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¹«·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿¹¿ÜÀÎ ¡®UN¾Èº¸¸® °áÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±º»çÀû Á¶Ä¡¡¯¿Í ¡®ÀÚÀ§±Ç Çà»ç¡¯´Â ¹«·ÂÀ» ¸ÕÀú »ç¿ëÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¹«·Â»ç¿ëÀ» »óÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ÆòÈ­·Î Àüȯ½ÃÄ×´ø ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀ» ÅëÇÑ Á¾ÀüÀº Çö UN üÁ¦¿Í ÇÕÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 1945³â ÀÌÈÄÀÇ °üÇ൵ ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÇ »ç¿ë ¶Ç´Â ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ ü°áÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ È¸ÇÇÇÏ´Â ¾ç»óÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

1945³â ÀÌÈÄ Ã¼°áµÈ ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹ÀÎ 1973³â ¹Ì±¹, ºÏº£Æ®³², ³²º£Æ®³², ³²º£Æ®³² ÀÓ½ÃÇõ¸íÁ¤ºÎ °£¿¡ ü°áµÈ ¡®Paris Peace Accords¡¯´Â ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¹ýÀû Ʋ ¾È¿¡ Çö»óÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¡µÎ¾î ³õÀ½À¸·Î ÆòÈ­°¡ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸ÃàµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çö UN üÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Â ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤À» Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÆòÈ­¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ýÀû ¼ö´ÜÀ̶ó ¿ÀÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Çö ±¹Á¦¹ý ü°è¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ¾ËÁöµµ ¸øÇϸ鼭 ÆòÈ­ÇùÁ¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÇØÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» °£°úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ Æ÷±â µîÀ» ÅëÇØ Çѹݵµ¿¡ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÆòÈ­°¡ Á¶¼ºµÈ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ºÏÇÑÀÌ UN¾Èº¸¸® °áÀÇ 1718, 1874, 2094, 2270 µî °ü·Ã UN¾Èº¸¸® °áÀǵéÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌÇàÇßÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ Çѹݵµ ÆòÈ­°¡ ±¸ÃàµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ UN¾Èº¸¸®´Â Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ÆòÈ­°¡ ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â »õ·Î¿î UN¾Èº¸¸® °áÀǸ¦ äÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Çö UN üÁ¦¿¡¼­ ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î Çѹݵµ°¡ ÆòÈ­ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹ýÀû ÇàÀ§ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

º» ¹®°ÇÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ÇÊÀÚÀÇ °ßÇØ·Î ¾Æ»êÁ¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ °ø½Ä ÀÔÀå°ú´Â ´Ù¸¦ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

  • 1.

    ¡°The directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.¡±

  • 2.

    ÅëÀÏ¿¬±¸¿ø, ¡ºÇѹݵµ ÆòȭüÁ¦ ±¸Ãà¹æ¾È¡», 1995, 6¸é.

  • 3.

    ¡®¼º ¾î°Å½ºÆ¾(St. Augustine)¡¯Àº À¯Ã¥ ´ç»çÀÚ°¡ ¹è»óÀ» °ÅºÎÇßÀ» ¶§ ÇÇÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡®º¹¼ö¡¯ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ Á¤ÀüÀ» ³íÇÏ¿´´Ù. See Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 7th ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), p.812.

  • 4.

    Randall Lesaffer, ¡°Too Much History: from War as Sanction to the Sanctioning of War¡±, in Marc Weller (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), p.37.

  • 5.

    Ibid., p.38.

  • 6.

    Lassa Oppenheim, International Law: A Treatise, Volume II (War and Neutrality), 2nd ed. (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1912), ¡×94.

  • 7.

    ¡°The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another.¡±

  • 8.

    Mohammad Taghi Karoubi, Just or Unjust War?: International Law and Unilateral Use of Armed Force by States at the Turn of the 20th Century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), p.103.

  • 9.

    ¡°All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.¡±

  • 10.

    Á¶¾àÀÎ UNÇåÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¡®±¹Á¦°ü½À¹ý(customary international law)¡¯»ó ¹«·Â»ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î ¡®ÀεµÀû °£¼·(humanitarian intervention)¡¯ÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÀÌ °³³äÀÇ ÇÕ¹ý ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ³í¶õÀÌ »ó´çÇÏ´Ù.

  • 11.

    Yoram Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 4th ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.32.

  • 12.

    Ibid., p.36.

  • 13.

    Oppenheim, supra note 6, ¡×¡×290-293.

  • 14.

    ¡°This Agreement, having been negotiated and concluded in pursuance of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 November 1948 calling for the establishment of an armistice in order to eliminate the threat to the peace in Palestine and to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine, shall remain in force until a peaceful settlement between the Parties is achieved, except as provided in paragraph 3 of this Article.¡±

  • 15.

    ±è¸í¼·, ¡ºÀüÀï°ú ÆòÈ­: 6.25 ÀüÀï°ú Á¤ÀüüÁ¦ÀÇ Åº»ý¡» (¼­¿ï: ¼­°­´ëÇб³ÃâÆǺÎ, 2015), 576¸é.

  • 16.

    »ó°Ô¼­, 582-589¸é.

  • 17.

    »ó°Ô¼­, 595-599¸é.

  • 18.

    ±è¸í¼·, ¡°Çѱ¹±ºÀº 6.25 ÀüÀï Á¤ÀüÇùÁ¤ÀÇ ´ç»çÀÚÀΰ¡?¡±, ¡º±¹¹æ¿¬±¸¡», Á¦56±Ç Á¦3È£ (2013), 121¸é.

  • 19.

    »ó°Ô³í¹®, 117-119¸é.

  • 20.

    Oppenheim, supra note 6, ¡×266.

  • 21.

    ¡°There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the Dominions of the other.¡±

  • 22.

    ¡°China recognises definitively the full and complete independence and autonomy of Korea, and, in consequence, the payment of tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Korea to China, in derogation of such independence and autonomy, shall wholly cease for the future.¡±

  • 23.

    ¡°The United States will not continue its military involvement or intervene in the internal affairs of South Vietnam.¡±

  • 24.

    ¡°The dismantlement of all military bases in South Vietnam of the United States and of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a) shall be completed within sixty days of the signing of this Agreement.¡±

  • 25.

    ¡°The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam undertake to respect the following principles for the exercise of the South Vietnamese people¡¯s right to self-determination:
    (a) The South Vietnamese people¡¯s right to self-determination is sacred, inalienable, and shall be respected by all countries.
    (b) The South Vietnamese people shall decide themselves the political future of South Vietnam through genuinely free and democratic general elections under international supervision.
    (c) Foreign countries shall not impose any political tendency or personality on the South Vietnamese people.¡±

  • 26.

    Dinstein, supra note 11, p.46.

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    À̱â¹ü ¹Ú»ç´Â ¾Æ»êÁ¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú °Å¹ö³Í½º¼¾ÅÍ ±¹Á¦¹ý ¹× ºÐÀïÇØ°áÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¿¬±¸À§¿øÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¹ý°ú´ëÇп¡¼­ ¹ýÇлç, ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø¿¡¼­ ¹ýÇм®»ç, ¿µ±¹ ¿¡µò¹ö·¯´ëÇб³ ·Î½ºÄð¿¡¼­ ¹ýÇйڻç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹ýÇйڻç ÇÐÀ§ Ãëµæ ÈÄ ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³, ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³, °¡Å縯´ëÇб³, ±¤¿î´ëÇб³, ÀüºÏ´ëÇб³ µî¿¡¼­ ±¹Á¦¹ýÀ» °­ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÁÖ¿ä ¿¬±¸ºÐ¾ß´Â Çؾç°æ°èȹÁ¤, ±¹Á¦ºÐÀïÇØ°áÁ¦µµ, ¿µÅä ¹®Á¦, ±¹Á¦±â±¸¹ý, ±¹Á¦¹ý»ó Á¦Àç(sanctions) ¹®Á¦ µîÀÌ´Ù.

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