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ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¼± ¡°ÇѹݵµÀÇ À¯ÀÏ ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ¡± Ç¥Çö¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌÀÍÁÖ ±³¼ö ¹× ±×¿¡ µ¿Á¶ÇÏ´Â ñ§÷ï ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº, ¾Õ¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °Íó·³, ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ùíò±ÀÇ á¶öÈÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀÍÁÖ ±³¼ö¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿Á¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ÏÐÞÈ ±³°ú¼ ÁýÇÊÁöħ Áß ¡°À¯¿£ÀÌ ´ëÇѹα¹À» ÇѹݵµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ·Î ½ÂÀÎÇß´Ù¡±´Â ±¸Àý¿¡¼ ¡°ÇѹݵµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ¡±À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» »èÁ¦ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ÒÕËà´Â ¡°´ëÇѹα¹Àº ³²ÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÇ ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎÀÌÁö Çѹݵµ ÀüüÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¡®ÇѹݵµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù¡±´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, À̵éÀÇ ÀÌ °°Àº ÁÖÀåÀº ¹®Á¦ÀÇ À¯¿£ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦195-IIIÈ£ÀÇ ÇØ´ç ±¸ÀýÀ» è¦æ»ÇÑ µ¥¼ ÃÊ·¡µÈ ó¹è¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. çÈåÞ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÙíãÛÀÇ ß§ÚªÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ úÞÓÛÞȸ¦ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â 1948³â12¿ù12ÀÏ À¯¿£ÃÑȸ°¡ äÅÃÇÑ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦195(III)È£ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¼± Áß¿äÇÑ »ç½ÇÀº ÀÌ °áÀÇ°¡ Çѹݵµ îïæ´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡®´ëÇ¥¼º¡¯ ¹®Á¦¿Í´Â ¹«°üÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °°Àº »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦195(III)È£ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÆľÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ä¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¡°Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¶¸³ ¹®Á¦¡±(¡°The problem of the independence of Korea')¸¦ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ´Â Á¦1Ç׿¡¼ ¿ì¼± ¡°1947³â11¿ù14ÀÏÀÚ À¯¿£ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦112(II)È£¸¦ ßÌÑá±(¡°Having regard to its resolution 112(II) of 14 November 1947 concerning the problem of the independence of Korea¡±)½ÃÅ°¸é¼ ¡°À¯¿£ÀÓ½ÃÇѱ¹À§¿ø´ÜÀÇ º¸°í¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¾î·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡ 1947³â11¿ù14ÀÏÀÚ °áÀÇ¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀûµéÀÌ ¿Ï¼öµÇÁö ¸øÇß°í ƯÈ÷ ÇѹݵµÀÇ ÅëÀÏÀÌ ¼ºÃëµÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ë§ëòÇÑ´Ù¡±(¡°Mindful of the fact that, due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Temporary Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947 have not been fully accomplished, and in particular that unification of Korea has not yet been achieved¡±)´Â ´ë¸ñÀ¸·Î ßíÔ鸦 ¿°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, ÀÌ °áÀÇ´Â Çѹݵµ°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷ ºÐ´ÜµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç, Áï Çѹݵµ¿¡´Â 2°³ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡½Çü, Áï ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» îñð«ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °áÀÇ´Â ÀÌ °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ßíÔ鸦 ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ °áÀÇ°¡ Àüü Çѹݵµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡®ÓÛøúàõ¡¯ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ °°Àº îñð« À§¿¡¼ ÀÌ °áÀÇ´Â Á¦2Ç׿¡¼ ¡°À¯¿£ÃÑȸ´Â ÇѹݵµÀÇ À¯¿£ÀÓ½ÃÇѱ¹À§¿ø´ÜÀÌ °¨½ÃÇÏ°í ÇùÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í Àüü Çѱ¹¹ÎÀÇ Àý´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ(´ëÇѹα¹)°¡ ¼ö¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù¡±°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¾î ¿ø¹®Àº ¡°(The General Assembly) declares that there has been established a lawful government (the Republic of Korea) having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside¡±·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °áÀÇ´Â °°Àº Á¦2Ç׿¡¼ ÀÌ¾î¼ ¡°ÀÌ Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÓ½ÃÀ§¿ø´ÜÀÇ °¨½Ã ÇÏ¿¡ Çѹݵµ ÇØ´ç Áö¿ªÀÇ À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÀÇÁö°¡ Á¤´çÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¼±°Å¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼ö¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù¡±(¡°this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission¡±)¸é¼ ¡°µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ Á¤ºÎ´Â Çѹݵµ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ¡±(¡°and that this is the only such government in Korea¡±)¶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ±¸ÀýÀÇ ¾î´À ´ë¸ñ¿¡µµ ¡°´ëÇѹα¹ÀÌ Çѹݵµ Àüü¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °áÀÇ Á¦2Ç×ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̴ ´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎ¿¡°Ô ¡°Çѹݵµ îïæ´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÓÛøúàõ¡±À» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â º¹¼ö(2°³)ÀÇ ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯ °¡¿îµ¥ ¡°´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎ¸¸ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ¡±¶ó´Â À¯¿£ÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀû ÀÔÀåÀ» õ¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ º¸´Ù Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â À¯¿£ÃÑȸ°¡ ÀÌ °áÀǸ¦ äÅÃÇÑ ãÁïÃÀ» °¨¾ÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Çѹݵµ¿¡´Â ÀÌ ÇØ 5¿ù10ÀÏ 1947³â11¿ù14ÀÏÀÚ À¯¿£ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦112(II)È£¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÏ¿© À¯¿£ÀÓ½ÃÇѱ¹À§¿ø´Ü(UN Temporary Commission on Korea)ÀÇ °¨½Ã ÇÏ¿¡ ½Ç½ÃµÈ ÀÚÀ¯ ÃѼ±°Å¸¦ °ÅÃļ 8¿ù15ÀÏ ´ëÇѹα¹ÀÇ ¼ö¸³µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±× ´ÙÀ½ ´ÞÀÎ 9¿ù9ÀÏ ºÏÇÑ Áö¿ªÀÇ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀº ¡®Á¶¼±¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀιΰøȱ¹¡¯À̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ º°°³ÀÇ ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯ ¼ö¸³À» ¼±Æ÷Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Çѹݵµ¿¡ 2°³ÀÇ ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯°¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ÀÌ °°Àº »óȲ ÇÏ¿¡¼ ±× ÇØ 12¿ù12ÀÏ Ã¤ÅÃÇÑ °áÀÇ 195(III)È£¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© À¯¿£ÃÑȸ°¡ ´ëÇѹα¹¿¡°Ô Àüü Çѹݵµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¡®ÓÛøúàõ¡¯À» ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº åÞÜôà÷àãÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
±× ¶§¹®¿¡ À¯¿£ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦195(III)È£ÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̴ ÀÌ¹Ì Çѹݵµ¿¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ 2°³ÀÇ ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯ °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î´À ÂÊ¿¡ ¡®ùêÛöàõ¡¯À» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´À³Ä´Â ¹®Á¦·Î ¾ÐÃàµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© À¯¿£ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦195(III)È£´Â Á¦2Ç׿¡¼ ³²ºÏÀÇ 2°³ ¡®Á¤ºÎ¡¯ °¡¿îµ¥ ´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎ¸¸ÀÌ ¡°À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô¡± 1947³â11¿ù14ÀÏÀÚ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦112(II)È£ÀÇ ¿ä±¸Á¶°ÇÀ» ÃæÁ·½ÃŲ ¡®ÇÕ¹ýÁ¤ºÎ¡¯¶ó°í ÆÇÁ¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï Ù¥ÙþÀ¸·Î Ù¥ÑÀÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ Á¦193(III)È£´Â Á¦2Ç×À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ºÏÇÑ ¶¥¿¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ ¡®Á¶¼±¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀιΰøȱ¹ Á¤ºÎ¡¯´Â ¡®ùêÛöàõ¡¯À» ÌÀåýÇÑ ¡®ºñÇÕ¹ý Á¤±Ç¡¯À̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
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UNGA Resolution 112-ii (Nov. 14, 1947)
A
Inasmuch as the Korean question which is before the General Assembly is primarily a matter for the Korean people itself and concerns its freedom and independence, and
Recognizing that this question cannot be correctly and fairly resolved without the participation of representatives of the indigenous population,
The General Assembly
1. Resolves that elected representatives of the Korean people be invited to take part in the consideration of the question
2. Further resolves that in order to facilitate and expedite such participation and to observe that the Korean representatives are in fact duly elected by the Korean people and not mere appointees by military authorities in Korea, there be forthwith establisehed a United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea, to be present in Korea, with right to travel, observe and consult throughout Korea.
B
The General Assembly,
Recognizing that the urgent and rightful claims to independence of the people of Korea
Believing that the national independence of Korea should be re-established and all occupying forces then withdrawn at the earliest practicable date
Recalling its previous conclusion that the freedom and independence of the Korean people cannot be correctly or fairly resolved without the participation of representatives of the Korean people, and its decision to establish a United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (hereinafter called the 'Commission') for the purpose of facilitating and expediting such participation by elected representatives of the Korean people,
1. Decides that the Commission shall consist of representatives of Australia, Canada, China, El Salvador, France, India, Philippines, Syria, Ukrainian Soviet Republic
2. Recommends that the elections be hle not later than 31 March 1948 on the basis of adult suffrage and by secret ballot to choose representatives with whom the Commission mayt consult regarding the prompt attainment of the freedom and independence of Korean people and which representatives, constituting a National Assembly, may establish a National Government of Korea. The number of representatives from each voting area or zone should be proportionate to the population, and the elections should be under the observation of the Commission
3. further recommends that as soon as possible after the election, the National Assembly should convene and form a National Goverment and notify the Commission of its formation
4. Further recommends that immediately upon the establishment of a National Government, that Government should, in consultation with the Commission: (a) constitute its own national security forces and dissolve all military or semi-military formations not included therein: (b) take over the functions of government from the military commands and civilian authorities north and south of Korea, and (c) arrange with the occupying Powers for the complete withdrawal from Korea of their armed forces as early as practicable and if possilbe within ninety days
5. Resolves that the Commission shall facilitate and expedite the fulfillment of the foregoing programme for the attainment of the national independence of Korea and withdrawal of occupying forces, taking into account its observations and consultations in Korea. The Commission shall report, with its conclusions, to the General Assembly and may consult with the Interim Committee (if one be established) with respect to the application of this resolution in the light of developments
6. Calls upon the Member States concerned to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfillment of its responsibilities
7. Calls upon all Members of the United Nations to refrain from interfering in the affairs of the Korean people during the interim period preparatory to the establishment of Korean independence, except in pursuance of the decisions of the General Assembly and thereafter, to refrain completely from any and all acts derogatory to the independence and sovereign¼î of Korea
Hundred and twelfth plenary meeting,
14 November 1947
--------------------------------
UNGA Resolution 195 (III): The Problem of the Independence of Korea
The General Assembly
Having regard to its resolution 112 (II) of 14 November 1947 concerning the problem of the independence of Korea,
Having considered the report of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea(hereinafter referred to as the 'Temporary Commission'), and the report of the Interim Committee of the General Assembly regarding its consultation with the Temporary Commission,
Mindful of the fact that, due to difficulties referred to in the report of the Temporary Commission, the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947 have not been fully accomplished, and in particular that unification of Korea has not yet been achieved,
1. Approves the conclusions of the reports of the Temporary Commission
2. Declares that there has bee established a lawful government (the Government of te Republic of Korea) having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission and that this is the only such Government in Korea
3. Recommends that the occupying powers should withdraw their occupation forces from Korea as early as practicable
4. Resolves that, as a means to the full accomplishment of the objectives set forth in the resolution of 14 November 1947, a Commission on Korea consisting of Australia,, China, El Salvador, France, India, the Philippines and Syria, shall be established to continue the work of the Temporary Commission and carry out the provisions of the present resolution, having in mind the status of the Government of Korea as herein defined, and in particular to :
(a) Lend its good offices to bring about the unification of Korea and the integration of all Korean security forces in accordance with the principles laid down by the General Assembly in the resolution of 14 November 1947
(b) seek to facilitate the removal of barriers to economic, social and other friendly intercourse caused by the division of Korea
(c ) Be available for observation and consultation in the further development of representative government based on the freely-expressed will of the people
(d) Observe the actual withdrawal of the occupying forces and certify the fact of withdrawal when such has occurred and for this purpose, if it so desires, request the assistance of military experts of the two occupying powers
5. Decides that the Commission:
(a) Shall, within thirty days of the adoption of the present resolution, proceed to Korea, where it shall maintain its seat
(b) shall be regarded as having superseded the Temporary Commission established by the resolution of 14 November 1947
(c) Is authorized to travel, consult and observe throughout Korea
(d) Shall determine its own procedures
(e) May consult with the Interim Committee with respect to the discharge of its duties in the light of developments and within the terms of the present resolution
(f) Shall render a report to the next regular session of the General Assembly and to any prior special session which might be called to consider the subject-matter of the present resolution, and shall render such interim reports as it may deem appropriate to the Secretary-General for distribution to Members
6. Requests that the Secretary-General shall provide the Commission with adequate staff and facilities, including technical advisers as required and authorizes the Secretary-General to pay the expenses and per diem of a representative and an alternate from each of the state members of the Commission
7. Calls upon the Member States concerned, the Government of the Republic of Korea, and all Koreans to afford every assistance and facility to the Commission in the fulfillment of its responsibilities
8. Calls upon Member States to refrain from any acts derogatory to the results achieved and to be achieved by the United Nations in bringing about the complete independence and unity of Korea
9. Recommends that Member States and other nations, in establishing their relations with the Government of the Republic of Korea, take into consideration the facts set out in paragraph 2 of the present resolution,
Hundred and eighty-seventh plenary meeting
12 December 1948.