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After Austria, the next country to feel the boot of Hitler¡¯s tyranny was Czechoslovakia. To avert the war, Prime Minister Chamberlain traveled to negotiate with Hitler at Munich. He returned with a settlement proclaiming that he had achieved ¡°peace with honor.¡±
Massive crowds turned out in London to hail Chamberlain for averting war. There was no more fervent admirer than King George VI. When Chamberlain reported to Parliament on the results of his meeting with Hitler, the House of Commons exploded with cheers.
Lady Astor cried, ¡°He is a Prince of Peace.¡± Churchill uttered to the side, ¡°I thought the Prince of Peace was born in Bethlehem, not Birmingham, England.¡± The next day Churchill rose to denounce the sellout.
¡°All is over. Silent, mournful, abandoned, broken, Czechoslovakia recedes into darkness. I think you will find that in a period of time, which may be measured by years, but may be measured only by months, Czechoslovakia will be engulfed in the Nazi regime.
¡°This is only the beginning of the reckoning. This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of the bitter cup, which will be proffered to us year by year, unless, by a supreme recovery of moral health and martial vigor, we rise again and take our stand for freedom as in the olden times.¡±
Churchill later added his summation of Chamberlain¡¯s mission to Munich: ¡°You were given the choice of war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have the war.¡±
But the appeasers were in full sway. One leader of the pro-German faction was Lady Astor; her coterie was called the Cliveden Group, after her manor estate near Bath. Churchill growled, ¡°An Astorite is an appeaser and an appeaser is one who feed the crocodile hoping it will eat him last.¡±
Shortly, thereafter, he found himself at Cliveden for a black-tie banquet. After dinner, Lady Astor presided over the pouring of coffee. When Churchill came by, she glared and said, ¡°Winston, if I were your wife, I¡¯d rather put poison in your coffee.¡± ¡°Nancy,¡± Churchill replied to the acid-tongued Astor, ¡°if I were your husband, I¡¯d drink it.¡±
The British establishment hoped that Hitler was a responsible German nationalist and characterized Churchill as an irresponsible back bencher for attacking the government position. The prevailing opinion was peace at any price. At Oxford Union they debated a proposed military draft. Over 90% of the students voted it down.
Three successive prime minister had closed their eyes to the arming of Germany. After the laissez-faire of Stanley Baldwin, the pacifism of Ramsey MacDonald, and the appeasement of Neville Chamberlain, a day of reckoning came. A price would have to be paid for the somnolent years and squandered opportunities. The price was war.
War came on September 1, 1939, when German Panzer divisions rumbled past the Polish frontier in the very early hours of that Sunday morning. A shaken Chamberlain government, desperate for unity, at least in its own ranks, asked its principal assailant to join the Cabinet as First Load of the Admiralty. To the ships at sea, the wire was sent out: ¡°Winston is back.¡±
For Churchill, the years in the wilderness had been oddly luxuriant and fruitful. Far from the corridors of power that had darkened with dishonor, he had at least ripened with wisdom and respect. His provident detachment from ministries, whose mediocrity would only have encumbered him, had allowed the writer to become a historian, orator, statesman, critic, and prophet. He had chosen to await fate, and it now awarded him his hour¡¦¡¦.