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 1950³â 7¿ù19ÀÏ ì°ã¯Ø¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº Àӽüöµµ ´ë±¸¿¡¼­ Çظ® S. Æ®·ç¸Õ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ÆíÁö¸¦ ½è´Ù. ÀÌ ÆíÁö¿¡¼­ ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¹Ì±ºÀÇ Èñ»ýÀ» ¾ÖµµÇÏ´Â °¨µ¿ÀûÀÎ À§·ÎÀÇ ¸»À» ÀüÇÑ µÚ <°ø»ê±ºÀÇ °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î 38¼±Àº ÀÚÀ¯ Çѱ¹°ú ³ë¿¹ Çѱ¹À»  °¡¸£´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû, ±º»çÀû ºÐ°è¼±À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ »ó½ÇÇÏ¿´´Ù>°í ÁÖÀå, ºÏÇѱºÀÇ ³²Ä§À» ÅëÀÏÀÇ ±âȸ·Î »ï¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À» °­Á¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀÌ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¾µ ¶§´Â ´ëÀüÀÌ °ø»ê±º ¼öÁß¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â Á÷ÀüÀ̾ú´Ù. ±â½ÀÀ» ¹ÞÀº ±¹±ºÀÌ ÈÄÅ𸦠°ÅµìÇÏ°í ¹Ì±ºµµ ¹æ¾î¼±À» Á¦´ë·Î ±¸ÃàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´ø Àý¸ÁÀû ½Ã±â¿¡ ±×´Â ÅëÀÏÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÆíÁö´Â ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ Á÷Á¢ çÈÙþÀ¸·Î ¾´ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀüÀÇ ÓÞëù¿Í Àü·«, ±×¸®°í °í¸ÅÇÑ ¿µÈ¥ÀÌ ´ã±ä Ç°°Ý ÀÖ´Â Ù£ÙþÀÌ´Ù.


 <Ä£¾ÖÇÏ´Â ´ëÅë·É²²: Àý¸ÁÀûÀΠÀ§±â¸¦ ¸ÂÀº Çѱ¹¿¡ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿øÁ¶¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁֽŠ°¢ÇÏ¿¡°Ô, º»ÀÎÀº ¹°·Ð, ´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎ¿Í ¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ±íÀº °¨»çÀÇ ¶æÀ» ¹«½¼ ¸»·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÓÞëù, Áï ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ÓÞëù¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯ ¿ì¹æ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© º¸³»ÁØ µµ¿ò¿¡ ±íÀÌ °¨»çµå¸®¸é¼­, °¢ÇÏÀÇ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ¿µµµ·ÂÀÌ ÀÌ À§±â¸¦ ¸Â¾Æ ¹ßÈÖµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´øµé ±×·¯ÇÑ ÁöÁöµµ, ¿øÁ¶µµ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 º»ÀÎÀº Çѱ¹Àü¼±¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±ºÀÇ îúÞÝß¿íº°¡ ´Ã¾î³­´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º¸°í ¹ÞÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù °¡½¿ÀÌ ¾ÆÇÅ´Ï´Ù. ͺÏÐÀ» ¶°³ª ¸Ó³ª¸Õ ÀÌ°÷¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁöÄѳ»·Á°í ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºñ±ØÀû »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® ±º´ë´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±¹Åä ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±î ¿ì¸® ±ºÀÇ »ç»óÀÚ º¸°í¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÂüȤÇÏ´Ù°í Çصµ ÏþÏÐ(±Í±¹)ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚ º¸°í¸¦ Á¢ÇÒ ¶§º¸´Ù´Â ±×³ª¸¶ ³´½À´Ï´Ù.

 ÀÌ°÷ Çѱ¹ ¶¥¿¡¼­ Á×°í ´ÙÄ£ ¹Ì±¹ º´»çµéÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎ¸ð, ô£í­, ÇüÁ¦ Àڸŵ鿡°Ô ºÎÁ·Çϳª¸¶ À§·ÎÀÇ ¸»À» ÀüÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® Çѱ¹ÀεéÀº, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ÀüÅëÀ» À̾î¹Þ¾Æ å°íº¸¦ ÁöÄÑÁÖ·Á°í ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ Ä§·«ÀÚµéÀ» »ó´ë·Î  Çعæ(liberty)°ú ÀÚÀ¯(freedom)°¡ Áö±¸ »ó¿¡¼­ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï »ý¸íÀ» ³»°É°í ½Î¿ì°í ÇÇÈ기 ±×µéÀÇ ¿ë±â¿Í Èñ»ýÀ» °áÄÚ ÀØÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
 
 ´ëÅë·É °¢ÇÏ, À§´ëÇÑ ÏþÏÐÀÇ º´»çµéÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ »ì´Ù°¡ Á×¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ¼¼°è½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù. °ø»êÆļî Áý´Ü(Comminazis)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÚÀ¯±¹°¡ÀÇ µ¶¸³ÀÌ À¯¸°µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ³ª¶óµé, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¹Ì±¹ ÀڽűîÁöµµ °ø°Ý¹Þ´Â ±æÀ» ÅÍÁÖ´Â ±æÀÌ µÊÀ» ¾Ë°í ³ª¶ó »ç¶ûÀÇ ÇѰ踦 ÃÊ¿ùÇϸ鼭±îÁö ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ¹ÙÃÆ´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 °¢Çϵµ ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ Çѱ¹ÀεéÀº ±× ´©±¸µµ Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº, '38µµ¼±¿¡ °üÇÑ 1945³â ±º»ç°áÁ¤'ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àǻ翡 ÚãÇÏ¿© ºÐ´ÜµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ºÐ´ÜÀº ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ Áö·É°ú ÅëÁ¦ ¾Æ·¡ Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ ÀüÅëÀ̳ª Á¤¼­¿Í´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁúÀûÀÎ °ø»êÁ¤±ÇÀÇ ¼ö¸³À» Çã¿ëÇÏ°í ¸»¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. 

 ÀÌ ºÏÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ±º»ç, °æÂû, ÀçÁ¤ÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Àå¾ÇÇÑ °ø»êºÐÀÚµéÀº ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ Áö·É ÇÏ¿¡ Çѱ¹»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹Ì±¹°ú ´ë´Ù¼ö ±¹Á¦¿¬ÇÕ È¸¿ø ±¹°¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©µµ óÂüÇÑ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ ±º»ç·ÂÀ» Å°¿ï ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ¹ÞÀº ºÏÇÑÁ¤±ÇÀÌ 6¿ù25ÀÏ »õº®, Çѱ¹±ºÀ» ÀÏÁ¦È÷ °ø°ÝÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ±×µéÀº 38¼±À» ÀÚÀ¯´ëÇÑ°ú ³ë¿¹ºÏÇÑ »çÀÌÀÇ ±º»çºÐ°è¼±À¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö¹ö·È½À´Ï´Ù.

 ¿ø»ó(status quo ante)ȸº¹À» ½ÃµµÇÔÀ¸·Î½á îØÀÌ îúæê(Àü¿­)À» °¡´Ùµë¾î ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ½Ã°£Àû ¿©À¯¸¦ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÂüÀ¸·Î ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÇൿÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.  ¼¼°è °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ °¡½¿ ¼Ó¿¡ ½É¾î¼­ Å°¿ö¿Â Á¦±¹ÁÖÀÇÀû ħ·«ÀÇ äÂàõ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷µéÀ» À̹ø ±âȸ¿¡ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ µµ·Á³»¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÏÇÑ»ç¶÷µéÀº ³²ÇÑ»ç¶÷µé°ú Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ÜºÎ¼¼·ÂÀÌ ÈƷýÃÅ°°í Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç Çѱ¹ÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¶±¹¿¡ Ã漺ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº Ñõ°ú ÝÁÀÇ ´ë°áÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ ÚâÀ» ¾î¼´Ù Á¡°ÅÇÏ°Ô µÈ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚµé°ú ¾ÐµµÀû ´Ù¼öÀÇ Çѱ¹ ½Ã¹Îµé(±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ »ìµç) »çÀÌÀÇ ´ë°áÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 Çѱ¹Á¤ºÎ¿Í ±¹¹ÎµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ Çѹݵµ¸¦ ÅëÀÏÇÒ ¶§°¡ ¿Ô´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹°ú °­·ÂÇÑ ¿ì¹æµéÀÌ Ä¡¸£´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ Èñ»ýÀ» µó°í ÅëÀϵµ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ´Â ¾ð¾îµµ´ÜÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÅë·É °¢ÇÏ, °¢Çϲ²¼­µµ °°Àº °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϼÌÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î º»ÀÎÀº È®½ÅÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸® Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» °¢Çϲ² ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹àÈ÷°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 Çѱ¹Á¤ºÎ´Â ´ëÇѹα¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ µ¿Àdzª ½ÂÀξøÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀåÂ÷ öâÏÐ(Ÿ±¹)À̳ª ±¹°¡ ±×·ì¿¡¼­ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÇùÁ¤À̳ª ¾çÇØ»çÇ×µµ À̸¦ ±¸¼Ó·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º»ÀÎÀº, °¢Çϲ²¼­ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇϽŠ¼º¸í¼­¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©  ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ, ¹Ì±¹Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.

 º»ÀÎÀº ¸ÅÀÏ ±âµµÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ùÛÚ¸ÏÚÀÇ ½Â¸®¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©, ³¯¾¾°¡ ¸¼¾ÆÁ® ¹Ì °ø±º ÀüÅõ±â°¡ îØÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í Æı«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í ÃæºÐÇÑ º´·Â°ú ¹°ÀÚ°¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ »¡¸® µµÂøÇÏ¿© °ø¼¼·Î Àüȯ,  °­°íÇÑ îØÏÚÀÇ Áø¿µÀ» µ¹ÆÄ, ½Â¸®ÀÇ ÝÁòäÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸ÅÀÏ ±âµµÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 º»ÀÎÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÓÞëù°¡ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ½Â¸®¸¦ °ÅµÎ¸®¶ó´Â µ¥ ÃßÈ£ÀÇ Àǽɵµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. º»ÀÎÀº Á¤´ç¼º(right)°ú °­·ÂÇÔ(might)ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ÆíÀ̶õ »ç½ÇÀ» Àß ¾Ð´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¿øÈ÷ °è¼ÓµÉ öÑäñ(Ä£¾Ö)ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ´ã¾Æ¼­ ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³À´Ï´Ù. À̽¸¸> 


 ÀÌ ÆíÁö´Â ¿ª»ç¿¡ ³²À» Ù£ÙþÀÌ´Ù. Ú¸ÙþÀ̶󼭰¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÆíÁö°¡ °¨µ¿ÀûÀÌ°í, ¿ª»çÀûÀÌ°í, ¿¹¾ðÀûÀ̸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÌ´Ù. Àý¹ÚÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¾´ ±ÛÀ̶õ Á¡¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.

 1. ÆíÁö´Â, Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ Áöµµ·Â°ú ¹Ì±ºÀÇ °í±ÍÇÑ Èñ»ýÀ» ¸ÕÀú ¾ð±ÞÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¸¶À½À» »ç·ÎÀâ´Â´Ù. <À§´ëÇÑ ÏþÏÐÀÇ º´»çµéÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ »ì´Ù°¡ Á×¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ¼¼°è ½Ã¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù>¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö¿£ Æ®·ç¸Õµµ ³î¶úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±ºÀÇ Á×À½À» <'³ª¶ó »ç¶û'º¸´Ù ´õÇÑ Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÑ Èñ»ý>À¸·Î ÀÚ¸®¸Å±èÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·ç¸Õ°ú À̽¸¸ µÎ ÀüÀï ÁöµµÀÚ´Â Çѱ¹ÀüÀÇ ÓÞëù¸¦ ÏÐì̺¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº Â÷¿ø, Áï ÀηùÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÁöŲ´Ù´Â µ¥ µÎ¾ú´Ù.

 2. '°ø»êÆļî Áý´Ü(Comminazis)'À̶õ ´Ü¾î´Â ì°ã¯Ø¹ÀÇ ±³¾çÀ» µ¸º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Comminazis´Â »çÀü¿¡µµ ¿Ã·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ´Ü¾î¿´´Ù. °ø»ê´ç°ú ³ªÄ¡´Â ¶È °°Àº ¾Ç´çÀ̶õ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. '1984'ÀÇ îÊíº Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£Àº ½ºÆäÀÎ Ò®îú¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ °æÇè¿¡¼­ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ¿Í Æļî(³ªÄ¡)´Â ÀüüÁÖÀǶó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ °°´Ù°í °á·Ð ³»·È´Ù. ±×´Â 2Â÷´ëÀü ¶§ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ Æļî¿Í ½Î¿î´Ù°í Çؼ­ ±×µéÀ» ÁÁ°Ô ºÁÁÖ·Á´Â ¼­±¸ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ§ Áøº¸Àû Áö½ÄÀεéÀÇ êÊà¼À» Æø·ÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ì°ã¯Ø¹ ´ëÅë·Éµµ ¿ÀÀ£Ã³·³ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ±í°Ô µé¿©´Ù º» »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ü±³¹®¼­¿¡´Â ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â Comminazis¶ó´Â áÔå޷νᠰø»ê´çÀ» ÆļîÁý´Ü°ú °°Àº ¾Ç´çÀ¸·Î °æ¸êÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 3. ì°ã¯Ø¹Àº Çѱ¹ÀÌ °ø»êħ·«À» ÀúÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»ÁöÁ¶Â÷ ºÒÅõ¸íÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ ³²Ä§À» ÅëÀÏÀÇ ±âȸ·Î æ½ï®½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÏ°í ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ¾Ð¹ÚÇÑ´Ù. ê«ßÒ(status quo ante)À̶õ ¿Ü±³Àû ¿ë¾î¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ±¸»çÇÏ¿© ÀüÀï ÀÌÀü »óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ°¡´Â °Ô ¹Ùº¸ÁþÀÓÀ» °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.

 4. ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀº 38¼± ºÐ´ÜÀÌ Ú¸áÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤µÈ »ç½ÇÀ» ßÌÑýÃÅ°¸é¼­ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº Àý´ë·Î ¿ë³³ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¸ø¹Ú¾Ò´Ù. ÆíÁöÀÇ ßíÔ鸦 °¨¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ´ÜÈ£ÇÑ í»ñ« ÀÇÁö¸¦ õ¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

 5. ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀÌ ÆíÁö¿¡¼­ ´ÙÁüÇÏ¿´´ø ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ºÎ´ã½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´°ÚÁö¸¸ ±× µÚ Çö½ÇÈ­µÈ´Ù. ÀÎõ»ó·ú ÀÛÀüÀÇ ¼º°ø Á÷ÈÄ Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº À¯¿£±ºÀÇ ÀüÀï ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¿ø»óȸº¹ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Çѹݵµ ÅëÀÏ·Î º¯°æÇÏ°í ÝÁòäÀ» ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áß°ø±ºÀÇ ºÒ¹ý °³ÀÔÀ¸·Î À¯¿£±ºÀÌ ÈÄÅðÇÏ°Ô µÇÀÚ Æ®·ç¸Õ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ´Ù½Ã ÀüÀï ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¿ø»óȸº¹À¸·Î °ÝÇϽÃÅ°Áö¸¸ ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÅëÀÏ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ °í¼ö, ùÛÚ¸°£¿¡ °¥µîÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾ø´Â Çѱ¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÜºÎÀÇ °áÁ¤À» °ÅºÎÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ´ÙÁüÀº ÈÞÀüÇù»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý¹ß°ú ¹Ý°øÆ÷·Î ¼®¹æ Á¶Ä¡·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹Àº ì° ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¹Ý¹ßÀ» ´©±×·¯¶ß¸®±â À§ÇÏ¿© Çѹ̻óÈ£¹æÀ§ Á¶¾àÀ» ¸ÎÀ½À¸·Î½á ùÛÚ¸µ¿¸ÍÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÑ´Ù.   

 6. ÀÌ ÆíÁö¿¡´Â ½Å¶ó ¹®¹«¿ÕÀÌ ùÛÚÅðéÀÇ ÀÚÁ¸°ú µ¶¸³ÀÌ °É¸° ÓßÓаáÀü ¶§ ´ç ³ª¶ó Àå¼ö ààìÒÏþ¿¡°Ô ¾´ ÓÍßö¸¦ ¿¬»ó½ÃÅ°´Â óÀýÇÑ »ýÁ¸ÅõÀïÀÇ ÀÇÁö°¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®Àå·ÐÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ´õÇÏ°í »¬ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ±¸¼ºÀÌ´Ù. µ¿¼­¾çÀÇ ÃÖ°í ±³¾çÀ» À¶ÇÕÇÑ ´ëÀι°ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ À̲ö Ù£ÙþÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½Ã ±×ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ´Â ¸¸ 75¼¼¿´´Ù.

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 ½ºÅ»¸°°ú ¸ðÅõ¿ÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ¸·Î ¹ÎÁ·¹Ý¿ªÀÇ Ä§·«ÀüÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å² ÀÚ°¡ À¯¿£ÀÇ ¹Ý°ÝÀ¸·Î ¸ê¸ÁÀÇ À§±â¿¡ óÇÏ´Ï ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã èâ᧸¦ ºÒ·¯µé¿© ÅëÀÏÀ» ¸·À¸·Á µç °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀþÀº Ãþ¿¡¼± ÀÌ ÀÚ¸¦ À̽¸¸º¸´Ù ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿©·ÐÁ¶»ç°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

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The President of the Republic of Korea (Rhee) to President Truman.

RESTRICTED [Taegu,] July 19, 1950.

Dear Mr. President: I can not find words to express, for myself and for all the people and Government of Korea, our profound gratitude for your prompt and continued actions in bringing aid to Korea in these desperate days. While we deeply appreciate the support of so many free nations, through the United Nations, to the cause of Korea, which also is the cause of freedom, we know full well that without your courageous leadership in a time of bewildering crisis there would have been no support and no aid.

I am deeply moved as I learn of increasing American battle casualties here. It is a tragic thing that so many men should have had to give their lives for liberty in this land so far from their own. It is easier for me to accept word of our own battle casualties than of yours, cruel as ours have been, since our forces are fighting in and for their native land. I wish I could convey to every mother and father and wife and child, and sister and brother of an American soldier killed or wounded here in Korea even some slight comfort through the knowledge that no Korean can ever forget the courage and sacrifice of these men who in the great traditions of the United States of America have come to the defense of the weak against the cruel aggressor, and have fought and given their life¡¯s blood that liberty and freedom should not perish from the earth. These soldiers of your great country, Mr. President, have lived and died as Americans, but they have given their lives even beyond love of country as citizens of the world, knowing that to permit the further destruction of the independence of free nations by the Comminazis is to clear the way to assault upon every nation, even the United States itself.

*(1) The source text is the original of this letter as transmitted by Ambassador Muccio to Mr. Acheson tinder a covering note, not printed, on July 19 a copy of the text was also sent in telegram 60 from Taegu (not printed), July 19, which, however, was delayed in transmission and not received in the Department of State until July 23.

(2) As you know, the Korean people were divided against their will: as a result of military decisions in 1945 regarding the 38th Parallel, to which no Korean was a party. This division permitted the development in the north, under Soviet direction and leadership, of a communist regime wholly alien to Korean traditions and feelings. With absolute control of the military, police and fiscal powers in that region of Korea, the communists, with Soviet direction, were able to create the formidable force which has caused such cruel damage not only to Korea but also to the United States and most members of the United Nations. When the Soviet sponsored regime in North Korea simultaneously attacked the defense forces of the Republic of Korea in the early morning of June 25, they ended any possible claim to the maintenance of the 38th Parallel as a political or military dividing line between free and slave Korea.

It would be utter folly to attempt to restore the status quo ante, and then to await the enemy¡¯s pleasure for further attack when he had had time to regroup, retrain and reequip. The time has come to cut out once and for all the cancer of imperialist aggression, the malignant growth artificially grown within the bosom of our country by the world communists.

The people of North Korea are the same as the people of South Korea. All are loyal to the land of their birth with the very few minor exceptions of foreign trained and foreign directed communists. This war is not a conflict between North and South it is a conflict between the few who are communists, who by an accident got control of half of our country, and the overwhelming mass of the citizens of Korea, wherever they may live.

The Government and the people of the Republic of Korea consider this is the time to unify Korea, and for anything less than unification to come out of these great sacrifices of Koreans and their powerful allies would be unthinkable. I am sure, Mr. President, that you have come to the same conclusion yourself, but I wish to make clear to you the position of this Government. The Korean Government would consider as without binding effect any future agreement or understanding made regarding Korea by other states or groups of states without the consent and approval of the Government of the Republic of Korea. From statements which you have made recently I believe that this also is the position of the Government of the United States.

Daily I pray for the joint success of our arms, for clear skies so that the planes of the United States Airforce may search out and destroy the enemy, and for the earliest possible arrival of sufficient men and material so that we can turn to the offensive, break through the hard crust of enemy forces and start the victorious march north. I have no slightest doubt in the ultimate victory of our cause I know that both right and might are on our side.

With ever continued warm personal regards,

Sincerely yours,

Syngman Rhee

*(2) For President Truman¡¯s reply, see telegram 68 to Taegu, August 10, p. 553.



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