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REVIEW & OUTLOOK
WALL STREET JOURNAL
Shrimps and Whales
July 11, 2006

Pyongyang's recent missile volleys may be a blessing in disguise for South Korea. The North's actions not only reveal the folly of the South's appeasement policies -- and give it a chance to change course -- but also highlight the urgent need for Seoul to beef up its economic ties with its more reliable, free-market allies. If it doesn't, South Korea might find itself -- as the saying goes -- a shrimp among whales in Northeast Asia for a long time to come. That might not be the best bet if the nearby political seas turn rougher.

The Blue House's recent gestures aren't encouraging. On Sunday, South Korea's President Roh Moo Hyun stirred up a storm when, in a press release, he called Japan's stern reaction to last week's missiles a 'fuss.' A government spokesman in Seoul told us yesterday that Mr. Roh's remarks don't qualify as an 'official' comment, and thus weren't translated into English. Perhaps that's because it was an embarrassing incident that reveals Mr. Roh's proclivity to appease the dictator to the north, regardless of his actions.

On the economic front, the proposed U.S.-South Korean free trade agreement offers another good barometer of Seoul's political leanings. The current tenor of the talks is not encouraging. Yesterday, as American and South Korean negotiators sat down to hash out a deal, the ruling Uri Party was clinging to its demand to carve out protection for its coddled rice industry and to keep exports from Kaesong, an industrial-park joint venture between North and South Korea, included in the FTA.

The latter is probably a bigger sticking point than the former. Agricultural tariffs -- though much greater in magnitude on the South Korean side -- can be negotiated, despite strident public opposition from entrenched special interest groups in both countries.

Kaesong is a different matter. The industrial park is located just across the border in the North. Washington has balked at including products physically manufactured in North Korea in an FTA in the past, and it will likely do so again. Including Kaesong in a U.S.-South Korea FTA would in effect reward North Korea's missile blackmail. 'In our view the FTA covers the Republic of Korea and the United States,' U.S. trade negotiator Wendy Cutler quipped last month.

Yet only a few weeks later, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade said Kaesong would be a 'top priority' in FTA negotiations with any country. Seoul maintains that Kaesong is a joint project meant to teach North Korea about the benefits of free markets. But if Kim Jong Il really wants to learn about free markets, he could have kept the private food markets running in North Korea, rather than shutting them down cold last year, just as they were starting to flourish.

These are still early days, and Seoul may relax its position in later rounds of negotiation. Certainly, it wouldn't make sense to kill the FTA for Kaesong, a money-losing project that employs only around 6,700 people and has a monthly output worth around $3.6 million, according to an April presentation from South Korea's Unification Ministry. Contrast that with the projected gains from an U.S.-South Korean FTA, which some estimates say could increase the two countries' total output by more than $40 billion over the long run.

Opposition parties are making more sense. The Grand National Party, traditionally a more free-market bunch than President Roh's Uri Party, suggests putting the Kaesong issue aside in the interest of getting the FTA deal done. As for the North latest missile provocation, one GNP representative called Mr. Roh's stance toward the North 'irresponsible' given the 'clear and present danger' at hand.

When South Koreans go to the polls in next year's presidential elections, they'll have the chance to express their views on how their government should respond to all this 'fuss.'



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