Hasty Impeachment Trial Must be Avoided at All Costs!

Threats to Constitutional Court Must Stop in Order to Ensure Fair Impeachment Trial
Ousting a president is an extraordinary measure that impacts a nation¡¯s stability and tarnishes its international image. As a result, the process must be handled extremely carefully like a criminal trial involving the chance of a death penalty. If we rush through the impeachment trial like a punitive hearing involving a low-ranking civil servant charged with corruption, our nation will face huge consequences. Considering this fact, we must be extra careful about the impeachment trial process.

by Kim Pyung-woo (Attorney and former head of Korea Bar Association)

On Dec. 9, the National Assembly passed a bill seeking to impeach President Park Geun-hye and the Constitutional Court is reviewing the validity of the bill. An impeachment motion is a move the National Assembly takes to charge the president with a crime. The ball has been tossed over to the Constitutional Court, which has six months to decide whether the National Assembly was correct to file charges against Park. At least six out of the nine Constitutional Court judges must acknowledge that the president committed an offense in order for a leader to be impeached.
 
This is the quorum required by the Constitutional Court to acknowledge that a law created by the National Assembly has been violated or that the measures taken by a prosecutor is unconstitutional. This is because the official duties of the president, court justice or other high-ranking government officials are evaluated by legal standards stipulated by the Constitution.
 
Even if two thirds of the lawmakers in the National Assembly accused the president of an offense, they must be extremely careful when accusing the leader of committing acts that violated the Constitution or law. The president is an elected leader and driving him or her out of office carries far deeper ramifications than simply unseating a high-level civil servant. There are 300 lawmakers, more than 2,000 judges and around a hundred minister-level bureaucrats, but only one president. Attempting to impeach the president is tantamount to mounting a revolution or coup d¡¯etat.
 
In the U.S., not a single president in the nation's 240-year history has been impeached. In monarchies, there is no system of impeaching the king or queen. In countries like Germany, which are led by a cabinet-style government, the prime minister handles state affairs, while a president holds a titular position. However, I have not heard of any presidents being impeached in those countries. Without exception, the only nations in which presidents have been impeached are predominantly developing countries located in Africa or Latin America. Our country barely escaped being labeled with this embarrassing title 12 years ago when then president Roh Moo-hyun faced impeachment for violating the Election Law stipulating the president's political neutrality in elections, but the Constitutional Court ruled against the impeachment motion.
 
In a country adhering to a presidential system, the president is its leader, chief of its military, top official in charge of diplomacy and has the final word on all policies concerning the economy, culture and society. Driving out such a leader is a highly unusual move that impacts the nation's stability and international image. As a result, the process must be handled extremely carefully like a criminal trial involving the chance of a death penalty. If we rush through the impeachment trial like a punitive hearing involving a low-ranking civil servant charged with corruption, our nation will face huge consequences. Considering this fact, we must be extra careful about the impeachment trial process.

For instance, we must ensure that no misconceptions arise among the public by giving the president facing impeachment ample opportunity to present evidence and offer his or her arguments, while adhering strictly to official protocol. Considering the fact that the Constitutional Court has up to six months to consider the validity of an impeachment bill, we must be extra careful that requests made by the president¡¯s lawyers are reflected fully during that period. The latest impeachment bill is viewed by many as being executed swiftly over a period of just around one month prodded on by the news media, opposition lawmakers and angry protesters. In reality, the president has not been given a proper chance to offer an argument supporting her stance. From that perspective, the Constitutional Court should first pore over the background events that led to the impeachment and whether any aspect of those events violated the Constitution.

Even now, the news media, opposition lawmakers and protesters are demanding that the Constitutional Court reaches a ruling in a month and claim that the court has nothing more left to do, since the court of public opinion has already reached its verdict on the case. If such unlawful threats continue, the Constitutional Court must consider suspending the impeachment trial until the surrounding environment becomes conducive to a neutral judgment process. Under no circumstances should the Constitutional Court rush its ruling or cave in to public pressure. If it does fall into that trap, the rule of law in our nation would come to an end.

I write this piece while burning the midnight oil hoping that such a fate does not befall upon our nation.
 
Dec. 14, 2016



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