by Kim Pyung-woo (Attorney and Former Head of Korea Bar Association)
The media circus, mass protests and populist political maneuvers that have rattled our country since October of last year must now come to an end. The time has come for all of us to return to the rule of law and calmly reflect upon the events that have transpired so far. Most of all, we must be reminded of the fact that the impeachment process was carried out hastily at a speed that is unprecedented in world history. First of all, the rationale for impeachment were announced just a day before the proposal put to vote and there was no time to properly review them. Also, there was no debate or explanation whatsoever on the rationale for impeachment ahead of the vote at the National Assembly. The vote took place at light speed.
Not only that, the National Assembly appointed an independent counsel to probe allegations of influence-peddling and corruption involving the president, but lawmakers pushed ahead with the impeachment vote without even waiting for the results of the investigation to be announced. In other words, the impeachment was a spontaneous decision that took place in the absence of a proper investigation.
Not only that, the presidential impeachment is a process of terminating the official powers of a democratically-elected leader and the public¡¯s opinion on the matter is a crucial element. Yet the National Assembly failed to reveal to the public the rationale for its impeachment before the vote and no prior hearing was held in order to sound out the opinions of voters.
Perhaps the National Assembly based its decisions on media reports and claims made on social media that said Park¡¯s approval ratings had plunged to the five-percent level, that 80 percent of the public wanted her to step down and that millions of people took part in candle-light protest calling for the president to step down. These factors may serve as legitimate fodder in a kangaroo court officiated by the biased news media or scheming politicians bent on wresting control of government. But they are far from being legitimate reasons for impeachment according to the rule of law.
Due process requires the National Assembly to convene a formal hearing that involves lengthy discussions by experts and voter representatives from both supporters and detractors of impeachment. Most of all, the president needs to be given a thorough explanation on the reasons behind the impeachment motion and she must be given a chance to explain her position, either directly or through a representative. Even at a private business, a CEO facing punitive measures and even dismissal before his or her official term ends, is offered a chance to defend himself before the board reaches a decision. And when an individual faces indictment by prosecutor, he or she is questioned first and also given a chance to appeal his case before a court of law.
However, when it came to indicting our head of state and terminating her official powers, the National Assembly publicized its rationale for impeachment just one day before enforcing the measure, while Park was not even given a chance to explain her case let alone undergo a proper investigation and the vote was passed by lawmakers in a matter of hours. This is unprecedented in the history of the world. Such practices are reminiscent of the days during Stalin¡¯s reign of terror in the former Soviet Union or during the Cultural Revolution in China during the 1960s when political opponents were quickly purged after being dragged through the court of popular opinion as marked officials are stoned to a bloody pulp by a biased news media and enraged public. It sends chills down my spine after realizing that this practice was also spotted recently in North Korea when Kim Jong-un used his cadres to gang up on his uncle Jang Song-taek, which led to a hasty trial after state-run news media lambasted the eminence grise, and shot him in front of a firing squad. Ordinary North Koreans had no idea what led to Jang¡¯s demise and relied only on state propaganda, eventually cheering the fate of the former eminence grise. It is intolerable for an ordinary citizen to be indicted and punished without due process, but permissible for the president to be treated this way simply because the measures were backed by a public uprising? I cannot agree with such an irrational measure. Such a hasty decision violates Article 12 of our Constitution, which stipulates, ¡°All citizens shall enjoy personal liberty. No person shall be arrested, detained, searched, seized or interrogated except as provided by Act. No person shall be punished, placed under preventive restrictions or subject to involuntary labor except as provided by Act and through lawful procedures.¡±
By making such comments, I will probably face criticism by Park¡¯s opponents who claim that an impeachment pursued by the National Assembly requires no due process, since the lawmakers who pursued the measure were elected by the public. Are Park¡¯s opponents then claiming that the president, who was elected into office by popular vote, does not represent the will of the people, while only lawmakers, who were supported by a much smaller group of voters in their constituencies, are the sole representatives of public opinion? I beg to differ.
We should refrain from knee-jerk reactions and put on our thinking caps for a change! As I pointed out earlier, an impeachment motion pursued by the National Assembly is not a simple indictment. It is an act of stripping our leader of her power and authority. It is not only a violation of the president¡¯s individual rights, but also the imposition of limits on the public¡¯s right to vote for a leader. If the National Assembly was to take such steps that stripped both the president and the public of their rights, they should have abided by due process guaranteed by our Constitution.
Our country is presently inundated by revolutionary rhetoric, demanding that the Constitutional Court wrap up the impeachment trial by a set date, that the justices must cave in to the desires of demonstrators or that the president must step down voluntarily before the court arrives at a ruling. Some are even claiming that the impeachment trial is unnecessary and must be bypassed.
The Constitutional Court has once again been assigned the role of being the final gatekeeper of the rule of law in our country. The court¡¯s justices must be reminded of the fact that the fate of the rule of law in our nation rests on their shoulders.
Dec. 13, 2016
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