Chapter Eight(of Capital), 'The Working Day', does, by contrast, present itself as a factual analysis of the impact of capitalism on the lives of the British Proletariat; indeed it is the only part of Marx's work which actually deals with the workers, the ostensible subjects of his entire philosophy. It is therefore worth examining for its 'scientific' value. Since, as we have already noted, Marx only really looked for facts which fitted his preconceptions, and since this militates against all the principles of scientific method, the chapter has a radical weakness from the start. But did Marx, in addition to a tendentious selection of facts, also misrepresent or falsify them? That we must now consider.
What the chapter seeks to argue, and it is the core of Marx's moral case, is that capitalism by its very nature, involves the progressive and increasing exploitation of the workers; thus the more capital employed, the more the workers will be exploited, and it is the great moral evil which produces the final crisis. In order to justify this thesis scientifically, he has to prove that , (1) bad as conditions in pre-capitalist workshops were, they have become far worse under industrial capitalism; (2) granted the impersonal, implacable nature of capital, exploitation of workers rises to a crescendo in the most highly capitalized industries. Marx does not even attempt to do (1).*
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