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FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î(148): King Lear/¿ìÁÖ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÏ°í ¿îÇàÇÏ´Â ãêÀº ¼¼»óÀÌ ¿äµ¿À» Ä¡µç ¸»µç ±¸°æÇÒ »ÓÀÎ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. 'King Lear' is a play about blindness – blindness to others¡¯ motivations, blindness to one¡¯s own true nature, blindness to the emptiness of power and privilege, and blindness to the importance of selfless love. Lear¡¯s only desire is to enjoy a comfortable, carefree old age, but he fails to see the role his absolute power has played in shaping his relationship with his daughters, whom he expects to take care of him. Once he loses his power Lear gains insight into his own nature and realizes his shortcomings, admitting ¡°mine eyes are not ¡®o th¡¯ best.¡± (V.iii) Tragically, this self-knowledge comes too late, at a point when Lear has forfeited the power that might have enabled him to change his fate. He finally sees the world as it really is, but is powerless to do anything about it. He dies after saying the final words, ¡°look there, look there,¡± (V.iii) a literal command that the others look at Cordelia, but also a symbolic plea that the survivors see themselves, and the world, more accurately.

The play opens with a glimpse of the subplot that mirrors the main action, as Gloucester explains that he has two sons, one legitimate and one illegitimate, but he tries to love them equally. They discuss Lear¡¯s plans to divide his kingdom, suggesting that he has already decided to share equally among his daughters, and his love test will be just a show, and actually won¡¯t decide anything. Lear then announces his intention to divide his kingdom, admitting that Cordelia is his favorite. He clearly expects all three daughters to try to outdo each other with declarations of their love, for which he will reward them with portions of land. But Cordelia refuses to flatter him, and humiliates him publicly with her disobedience. Enraged by Cordelia¡¯s stubbornness, Lear disowns her, and divides the kingdom between the remaining two daughters. Lear¡¯s inability to understand that despite Cordelia¡¯s reluctance to publicly flatter her father she actually loves him best is the tragic mistake that incites the action of the rest of the play.

〈LearèÝ〉Àº ¸Í¸ñ¿¡ °üÇÑ ±Ø(м)ÀÌ´Ù¡ªÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ µ¿±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñ, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ º»¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñ, ±Ç·Â°ú Ư±ÇÀÇ °øÇãÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñ, Ùíé¯(¹«¿å)ÀÇ »ç¶û¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñÀÌ´Ù. LearÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀº ¾È¶ôÇÏ°í ±Ù½É ¾ø´Â(carefree) ³ë³âÀ» Áñ±â´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ Àڱ⸦ µ¹º¸¾Æ ÁÙ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëÇÏ´Â µþµé°úÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÔ¿¡ À־ ±×ÀÇ Àý´ë ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÇØ¿Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±Ç·ÂÀ» »ó½ÇÇßÀ» ¶§ Lear´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ º»¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÂûÀ» ȹµæÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±×ÀÇ °áÇÔÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ°í ¡°³» ´«Àº ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÁö ¸øÇØ.¡±¶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ºñ±ØÀûÀÌ°Ôµµ, ÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀνÄÀº Lear°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾úÀ» ±Ç·ÂÀ» »ó½ÇÇÑ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ³Ê¹« ´Ê°Ô ¿Â´Ù. ±×´Â ¸¶Ä§³» ¼¼»óÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î º¸°Ô µÇÁö¸¸ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¹¹¶óµµ Çϱ⿡´Â ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¸» ¡°Àú°÷À» º¸¶ó, Àú°÷À» º¸¶ó.¡±°í ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Á״µ¥, ÀÌ ¸»Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Cordelia¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó¶ó´Â ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀÌÁö¸¸ ¶ÇÇÑ »ì¾Æ³²Àº ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÚ±â ÀڽŵéÀ», ±×¸®°í ¼¼°è¸¦ ´õ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¹Ù¶óº¸¶ó´Â »ó¡Àû È£¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.

±ØÀº Gloucester°¡ ÀûÀÚ¿Í ¼­ÀÚ ¾Æµé µÑÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀ» µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô »ç¶ûÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇϸ鼭 ±ØÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ÇàÀ§(main action)¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ºÎÂ÷Àû ÁٰŸ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ìé̸(ÀÏ°ß)À¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ±×µéÀº Lear°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼¼ µþµé¿¡°Ô (±¹Å並) °øÆòÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¹èÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ±×ÀÇ »ç¶û½ÃÇè(love test)Àº ´ÜÁö ¼î¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ¸ç ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² °Íµµ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¾Ï½ÃÇϸ鼭 LearÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ ºÐÇÒ °èȹÀ» ³íÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯°í ³ª¼­ Lear´Â Cordelia°¡ ±×°¡ °¡Àå »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â µþÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çϸ鼭 ¿Õ±¹ ºÐÇÒ Àǻ縦 ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¼¼ µþ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×µéÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ ¼±¾ð¿¡ À־ ¼­·Î ´É°¡ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇϱ⸦ ±â´ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ±×´Â ±¹ÅäÀÇ ÀϺημ­ º¸»óÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Cordelia´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¾ÆºÎÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ºÒº¹Á¾À» °¡Áö°í °øÁß ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ±×¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. CordeliaÀÇ °íÁý¿¡ °Ý³ëÇÑ Lear´Â ±×³à¸¦ ëùï¾(ÀÇÀý)ÇÏ°í ¿Õ±¹À» ³ª¸ÓÁö µÎ µþ¿¡°Ô ¹èºÐÇÑ´Ù. Cordelia°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡°Ô ´ëÁß ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾Æ÷Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÔ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ °¡Àå »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Lear°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ØÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ºñ±ØÀû ½Ç¼öÀÌ´Ù.

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*Âü°í:A.C. Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy

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