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·¹´ÑÀº ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¸ð¹ü»ýÀ̾ú°í ½ºÅ»¸°Àº ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÞÉð®(»çÁ¦)°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ²Þ²Ù´ø ½ÅÇлýÀ̾ú´Ù. À̵éÀÌ ¡°³ª ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ãêµéÀº ³×°Ô µÎÁö ¸»¶ó¡±¶ó´Â °è¸íÀ» ¾î±â°í °ø»êÁÖÀǶó´Â ¿ì»óÀ» ¼¶±â°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ »ìÀÎ ¾Ç¸¶·Î º¯ÇüµÇ¾î ¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. įº¸µð¾ÆÀÇ Æú Æ÷Æ®µµ ÂøÇÑ ¿ìµî»ýÀ̾úÁö¸¸ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ µ¶Ãæ¿¡ ¹°·Á¼ ¾Ç¸¶°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â įº¸µð¾Æ ±¹¹Î 3ºÐÀÇ 1ÀÌ ³Ñ´Â 200¸¸ ¸íÀ» ÇлìÇÏ°íµµ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö Á˸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±èÀϼºµµ ½Å¾Ó½É ±íÀº °¡Á¤¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó³µÁö¸¸ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ¿µÈ¥À» ÆÈ¸é¼ »ç¶÷¿¡¼ ¾Ç¸¶·Î º¯ÁúµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé-¼ÕÀÚ 3´ë´Â ¿ì¸® ¹ÎÁ· ¿ª»ç»ó Çѱ¹ÀÎÀ» °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ »ìÇØÇÑ »ìÀ趵éÀÌ´Ù. Áö±Ý ºÏÇÑÀº ¸»ÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ ³²ÇÑ¿¡µµ °ø»êÁÖÀǸ¦ ãêÀ¸·Î ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â ¾Ç¸¶µéÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº °Í °°´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ±³È¸¿¡µµ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù.
40. The mathematics of death
- Comrade Duch died on September 2nd
- The supervisor of killings for Cambodia¡¯s murderous Khmers Rouges was 77
40-1-318
AS THE VIETNAMESE army closed in on Phnom Penh in January 1979, Comrade Duch was ordered to kill the prisoners remaining in his charge. He just about had time to supervise that. (Killing was not usually done in his prison, only in the fields he had designated at Choeung Ek, seven kilometres away. Unless someone slipped up.) He also started to destroy his archive, but did not get far. The orders from Brother Number Two, Nuon Chea, had not specifically requested that. Besides, he did not greatly want to.
The archive was well over 100,000 pages, containing meticulous details of the detainees who had passed to death through his prison, Tuol Sleng, or S-21, over the previous four years. (The most exact figure given later was 15,101, but the archive was by then incomplete.) Prisoners¡¯ weight on entering. Their photographs, with the blank look of people at the end of the line. And their confessions, in as many versions as were needed to condemn them. He kept all the versions, with defective parts crossed out in red. In the margins, neatly, he put comments. ¡°Do not write these words.¡± ¡°Do not play tricks.¡± The final acceptable confession was typed and sent to ¡°Angkar¡±, the high leadership of the Communist Party of Cambodia, to Brother Number Two and Brother Number One, Pol Pot himself. That was the rule. He kept at least two copies. Each carried his decision about the prisoner: ¡°Can be destroyed.¡± ¡°Take away.¡± ¡°Keep for medical experiment.¡± His preferred word was ¡°smash¡±. That too was the party rule. At once, or later.
40. Á×À½ÀÇ ¼öÇÐ
- Duch µ¿¹«´Â 9¿ù 2ÀÏ¿¡ Á×¾ú´Ù
- įº¸µð¾Æ Khmers Rouges »ìÀÎÁ¤±ÇÀÇ ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â 77¼¼¿´´Ù
1979³â 1¿ù º£Æ®³² ±º´ë°¡ Phnom Penh(įº¸µð¾Æ ¼öµµ)¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿Ã ¶§ Duch µ¿¹«´Â ÀڱⰡ ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª¸ÓÁö Á˼öµéÀ» Á×À̶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°Í(Á×ÀÌ´Â °Í)À» °¨µ¶ÇÒ ½Ã°£¸¸ °Ü¿ì ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÇØ´Â ±×ÀÇ °¨¿ÁÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ 7km ¶³¾îÁø Choeung EkÀÇ ±×°¡ Áö¸íÇÏ¿´´ø µéÆÇ¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´©°¡ µµ¸ÁÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é). ±×´Â ¶Ç ±×ÀÇ ¹®¼¸¦ Æı«Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ¼º°øÇÏÁö(get far) ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. Brother Number Two, Nuon Chea·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â ¸í·ÉÀº ±×°Í(¹®¼Æı«)À» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µµ Æı«Çϱ⸦ Å©°Ô ¿øÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±× ¹®¼´Â 10¸¸ ÂÊÀÌ ÈξÀ ³Ñ¾ú°í Áö³ 4³â ÀÌ»óµ¿¾È ±×ÀÇ °¨¿Á Tuol Sleng ȤÀº S-21À» ÅëÇؼ Á×À½À¸·Î °¬´ø ¼ö°¨Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (±× µÚ¿¡ ¹àÇôÁø ´õ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¼ö´Â 15,101À̾úÁö¸¸ ±×¶§Âë ±× ¹®¼´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù.) ¼ö°¨µÉ ¶§ Á˼öµéÀÇ Ã¼Áß. »çÁø µÞÁÙ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé(people)ÀÇ ¸ÛÇÑ Ç¥Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Á˼öµéÀÇ »çÁø. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ¹é¼, ±×µéÀ» À¯ÁË ¼±°íÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¸¹Àº ËÇíÂ(°³ÀÛ)µÈ °Íµé(version). ±×´Â ¸ðÀÚ¶ó´Â ºÎºÐÀº ºÓÀº»öÀ¸·Î »èÁ¦ÇÑ ¸ðµç Æǵé(ÀÚ¹é¼)À» º¸°üÇß¾ú´Ù. ÀÚ¹é¼ ¿©¹é¿¡ ±×´Â ±ò²ûÇÏ°Ô ³íÆòÀ» ºÙ¿´´Ù. ¡°ÀÌ·± ´Ü¾î´Â ¾²Áö ¸¶¶ó.¡± ¡°¼ÓÀÌÁö ¸¶¶ó.¡± ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÈ Àڹ鼴 ŸÀÌÇÁ·Î Ãļ įº¸µð¾Æ °ø»ê´ç ÃÖ°í ÁöµµºÎÀÎ ¡°Angkar¡±¿Í Brother Number Two¿Í Brother Number OneÀÎ Pol Pot¿¡°Ô ¹ß¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Àû¾îµµ 2°³ÀÇ »çº»(ÀÚ¹é¼)À» º¸°üÇÏ¿´´Ù. °¢ »çº»Àº Á˼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÆÇÁ¤À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ¡°Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡± ¡°²ø°í °¡¶ó.¡± ¡°ÀÇÇÐ ½ÇÇèÀ» À§ÇØ º¸°üÇ϶ó.¡± ±×°¡ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¡°¹Ú»ì³»¶ó.¡±¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ´çÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À̾ú´Ù. Áï½Ã ȤÀº ³ªÁß¿¡.
40-2-319
The system he had devised at S-21 was simple, logical and perpetual. It could feed unceasingly Comrade Pol Pot¡¯s hunger (which had become his own hunger) to root out the bourgeois oppressor class and purge the country of traitorous elements. Each prisoner was made to incriminate in writing between eight and 11 others. Those others were arrested. They, in turn, incriminated at least eight people. So it went on at the most important and most feared prison in the country: a sequence relentlessly reproducing.
He felt proud of this system. It appealed to him as a mathematician. He had been a star in the subject at school, brilliant enough to get to the Lycée Sisowath in Phnom Penh, even though his family was poor and he was mocked as half-Chinese. His graduation marks in the Baccalaureate were the second-highest in the country. He became a maths teacher, quiet but firm, until communist revolution distracted him. And when that failed he returned. He taught maths and English in refugee camps, maths and Khmer in China, and when he emerged from hiding in 1999 presented himself as a maths teacher. As though he had never diverted.
Teaching, too, was his natural bent. At S-21 he rarely did interrogations himself, but trained the interrogators. Many came with him from the first prison he had ever run, M-13 in the maquis. They were mostly young peasants with a low level of culture, but he trusted them. At S-21 he would telephone them every 20 minutes to check on progress.
S-21(°¨¿Á)¿¡¼ ±×°¡ °í¾ÈÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í ³í¸®ÀûÀÌ°í ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÎ¸£ÁÖ¾Æ ¾ÐÁ¦°è±ÞÀ» »Ñ¸® »Ì°í ±× ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ¹Ý¿ªÀû ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¼÷ûÇÏ·Á´Â Pol Pot µ¿¹«ÀÇ ¿¸Á(ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¸ÁÀÌ µÇ¾ú¾ú´Ù.)À» ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Ã¤¿öÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¢ Á˼ö´Â 8¸í°ú 11¸í »çÀÌÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹®¼·Î½á À¯ÁËÁõ¸íÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ½ÃÄÑÁ³´Ù. ±× ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº üÆ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µé´ë·Î Àû¾îµµ 8¸íÀ» Á˼ö·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ ÁþÀº Àü±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ°í °¡Àå ¹«¼¿î °¨¿Á¿¡¼ °è¼Ó µÇ¾ú´Ù: ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô Àç»ý»êÇÏ´Â ¿¬¼âÀÛ¿ë(À̾ú´Ù).
±×´Â ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÎ ±×¿¡°Ô´Â ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¾ú´Ù. Çлý ¶§ ±×´Â ±× °ú¸ñ(¼öÇÐ)¿¡¼ ½ºÅ¸¿´À¸¸ç ºñ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ÁýÀº °¡³ÇÏ°í ÚâÁß±¹ÀÎÀ̶ó°í Á¶·ÕÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸ Àç´ÉÀÌ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¶Ù¾î³ª¼ Phnom PenhÀÇ Sisowath ±¹¸³°íµîÇб³¿¡ ÁøÇÐÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Baccalaureate(ÇлçÇÐÀ§ ½ÃÇè)¿¡¼ ±×ÀÇ Á¹¾÷½ÃÇè Á¡¼ö´Â Àü±¹ 2µîÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¼öÇб³»ç°¡ µÇ¾ú°í °ø»êÁÖÀÇ Çõ¸íÀÌ ±×¸¦ ºø³ª°¡°Ô(distract)ÇÒ ¶§ ±îÁö´Â Á¶¿ëÇÏ°í °ß½ÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ(Çõ¸í) ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ±×´Â µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ±×´Â Çdz¹Î ¼ö¿ë¼Ò¿¡¼ ¼öÇаú ¿µ¾î¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÆ°í Áß±¹¿¡¼´Â ¼öÇаú Khmer¸»À» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ±×¸®°í 1999³â Àº½Åó·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ªÅ¸³µÀ» ¶§ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¼öÇб³»ç·Î ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀüÇô ÀüÇâÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø °Íó·³.
°¡¸£Ä¡´Â °Íµµ ±×ÀÇ Å¸°í³ Àç´É(bent:¼ºÇâ, Àç´É)À̾ú´Ù. S-21(°¨¿Á)¿¡¼ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ½É¹®À» °ÅÀÇ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ½É¹®°üµéÀ» ÈƷýÃÄ×´Ù. ±×°¡ ¿î¿µÇÏ¿´´ø ù ±³µµ¼ÒÀÎ À¯°Ý´ëÀÇ M-13±³µµ¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¿Í ÇÔ²² ¸¹Àº ½É¹®°üµéÀÌ ¿Ô¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ±³¾ç¼öÁØÀÌ ³·Àº ÀþÀº ³ó¹ÎµéÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ±×µéÀ» ½Å·ÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. S-21¿¡¼ ±×´Â ÁøÇà»óȲÀ» °Ë»çÇϱâ À§Çؼ 20ºÐ¸¶´Ù ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀüÈÇÏ°ï Çß¾ú´Ù.
40-3-320
Most prisoners could be bullied verbally into ¡°confessing¡± with threats, or ¡°evidence¡± against them, or even with the steady humiliation of being called ¡°Monsieur¡±, as if they were colonialists. He kept his usual neat record of what was done to resisters. ¡°About 20 whippings with fine rattan.¡± ¡°20-30 whippings with electrical wire.¡± ¡°Stuffing with water.¡±
He claimed later that he had hated running the prison. He had tried to get sent to the Industry Ministry instead. It was not the torture that troubled him, though he tried to play that down. Nor was it the deaths. He did not see those; the slit throats, the hoe severing the neck, happened elsewhere. His sleep was untroubled by his victims¡¯ faces. What bothered him was that S-21 was meant to be a tool to find out truth. Or so he had convinced himself. Yet perhaps 60% of each ¡°confession¡± was false, and perhaps 80% of those he sent to death did not oppose the regime. He knew this at the time. Everyone knew it, Angkar included. No one dared say it, for sheer fear. He got through the days, he said later, by quoting Alfred de Vigny: ¡°Energetically perform your long and heavy task/On the path to which Fate has called you/Then¡¦suffer and die without a word.¡±
To poetry he could add another salve: complete identification with the revolutionary struggle. He had fallen for communism Chinese-style at the Institut de Pédagogie, teacher-training college. That promise of progress and change was irresistible. By the early 1970s he was in the maquis with the Khmers Rouges, learning to fight for a Democratic Kampuchea that would be agrarian, classless and untainted by the West. His nom de guerre, Duch, meant the schoolboy who stood up when his master asked him to.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á˼öµéÀº À§Çù°ú ±×µéÀÇ Áø¼ú¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â(against) ¡°Áõ°Å¡±·Î¼, ½ÉÁö¾î ±×µéÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ½Ä¹Î°¡(½Ä¹ÎÁö ½Ã´ë ±×µéÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ¿´´ø ÇÁ¶û½ºÀεé)ÀÎ °Íó·³ ±×µéÀÌ¡°Monsieur¡±(¿µ¾îÀÇ Mr.)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ(steady)¸ð¿åÀ» ÁÖ¸é¼(with), °Ì¹ÚÇÏ¿© ¡°Àڹ顱 ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô °¡ÇØÁø °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ¹ÝµíÇÑ ±â·ÏÀ» °è¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°ÅÁ÷ÇÑ(fine) µî³ª¹« ¸·´ë±â·Î ÅÂÇü ¾à 20´ë.¡± ¡°Àü±êÁÙ·Î ´ëÇü 20~30´ë.¡± ¡°¹°·Î ä¿ì±â.¡±
ÈÄ¿¡ ±×´Â ±³µµ¼Ò¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½È¾îÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ´ë½Å ±×´Â »ê¾÷ºÎ¿¡ ¹èÄ¡¹ÞÀ¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ºñ·Ï ±×°Í(°í¹®ÇÏ´Â °Í)À» °¡º±°Ô »ý°¢(play down)ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ±×¸¦ ±«·ÓÈù °ÍÀº °í¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. Á×À½(deaths)µµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Á×Àº °ÍµéÀ» º¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù; Âõ¾îÁø ¸ñ, ¸ñÀ» Àý´ÜÇÏ´Â ±ªÀÌ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀáÀº Èñ»ýÀÚµéÀÇ ¾ó±¼¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÈåÆ®·¯ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸¦ ¼º°¡½Ã°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº S-21(°¨¿Á)ÀÌ ÀǵµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áø½ÇÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Â µµ±¸°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×·¸´Ù°í(Áø½ÇÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ °¨¿ÁÀÇ Àǹ«) ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¼³µæ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¸¶µµ °¢ ¡°Àڹ鼡±ÀÇ 60%´Â °ÅÁþÀ̾ú°í ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°¡ Á×À½À¸·Î º¸³½ Á˼öµéÀÇ 80%´Â Á¤±Ç¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌÁ¡À» ±×´Â ´ç½Ã¿¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Angkar¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´ÜÁö µÎ·Á¿ò ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×°ÍÀ» °¨È÷ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Alfred de VignyÀÇ ¡°±æ°íµµ ¹«°Å¿î °ú¾÷À» ¿Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇ϶ó/¿î¸íÀÌ ³Ê¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÑ ±× ±æ À§¿¡¼/±×¸®°í´Â °íÅë¹Þ°í ¸»¾øÀÌ Á×¾î¶ó.¡±¸¦ ÀοëÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ÇÏ·çÇϷ縦 º¸³Â¾ú´Ù°í ±×´Â ÈÄ¿¡ ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ãÌ(½Ã)¿¡´Ù°¡ ±×´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Êöåë(°¨¾ð: salve)À» ÷°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù: Çõ¸íÅõÀï°úÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µ¿ÀÏü. ±×´Â ±³»çÈÆ·Ã ´ëÇÐÀÎ Institut de Pédagogie¿¡¼ Áß±¹ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ °ø»êÁÖÀÇ¿¡ Æø ºüÁ³¾ú´Ù. ¹ßÀü°ú º¯ÈÀÇ ±× ¾à¼ÓÀº °Å¿ªÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. 1970³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ ±×´Â Khmers Rouges[įº¸µð¾Æ °ø»ê ÚäÏÚ(¹Ý±º)]¿Í ÇÔ²² À¯°Ý´ë¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼ ³ó¾÷ÀûÀÌ°í ÆòµîÇÏ°í ¼¾ç¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¿À¿°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Kampuchea¸¦ À§ÇØ ½Î¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Ê£Ù£(°¡¸í) Duch´Â ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ÀϾó°í Çϸé ÀϾ ÇлýÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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He may have hated the prison work, but he faithfully repeated the slogans. ¡°Our party makes absolutely no mistakes.¡± ¡°Angkar knows who is good and who is bad.¡± They did not quite smother the rising fear that his perpetual system might swallow him, too.
Was he sorry? In 1999, when a journalist found him, he wanted to talk. By then he had become a Christian, another ideology in which he could immerse himself. He knew about sins and forgiveness now. Occasionally he shed tears. He was the first high Khmer Rouge official to go on trial, in 2009. There, often dressed in pure white, his soft voice demanding exact dates and transcripts, he explained himself. But what he said one day he might retract the next. He played with truth, as he had done before. Uniquely among Khmer Rouge leaders, he accepted responsibility for his actions at S-21. But his superiors had given the orders, so he was bound to obey. And he hoped, having been useful, that he might be released.
He was not. In 2012 his original sentence of 35 years for torture, murder and crimes against humanity was extended to life. He was not surprised, or did not let it show. He had learned young the most pertinent of Khmer Rouge mottoes for him, ¡°Extinguish your heart.¡± And he had not thrown off the motivations of those days. Given the chance, he would discuss Marxism for hours. He clung tightly, too, to his nom de guerre. ¡°Kaing Guek Eav¡± was the quiet teacher¡¯s name he could have reverted to. But ¡°Duch¡± was still who he was, the diligent boy who pleased his master. And wrote daily, for years, above that name, ¡°Smash.¡± ¡°Keep.¡± ¡°Grind to dust.¡±
±×´Â °¨¿Á ¾÷¹«¸¦ ½È¾îÇßÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ ½½·Î°ÇµéÀ» Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô º¹Ã¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°´çÀº Àý´ë·Î ½Ç¼öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.¡± ¡°Angkar´Â ´©°¡ ÂøÇÏ°í ´©°¡ ³ª»ÛÁö¸¦ ¾È´Ù.¡± ±×°Íµé(½½·Î°Ç)Àº ±×ÀÇ(±×°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ °ø»ê´ç) ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ±×¸¦ ¶ÇÇÑ Áý¾î»ïųÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â Áõ´ëÇÏ´Â °øÆ÷¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷(quite) Áú½Ä½ÃÅ°Áö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±×´Â ÈÄȸÇÏ¿´´Â°¡? 1999³â ÇÑ ±âÀÚ°¡ ±×¸¦ ã¾Æ³ÂÀ» ¶§ ±×´Â ¸»Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¶§Âë ±×´Â ±×°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¸ôÀÔ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ À̳äÀÎ ±âµ¶±³ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áö±Ý ±×´Â ÁË¿Í ¿ë¼¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °¡²û ±×´Â ´«¹°À» Èê·È´Ù. 2009³â ±×´Â ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹Þ´Â ù Khmer RougeÀÇ °íÀ§°ü¸®¿´´Ù. ÀçÆÇÁ¤¿¡¼ ¼ø¹éÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°í, ºÎµå·¯¿î À½¼ºÀ¸·Î Á¤È®ÇÑ ³¯Â¥¿Í »çº»À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×´Â ÀÚ±â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ¾î´À ³¯ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ´ÙÀ½³¯ öȸÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ Çß´ø °Íó·³ Áø½ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í °ÔÀÓÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Khmer Rouge ÁöµµÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥¼ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô(uniquely) S-21¿¡¼ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÚ±â Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ »ó°üµéÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·È¾ú°í ±×·¡¼ ÀÚ±â´Â º¹Á¾À» ÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼®¹æµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×´Â ¼®¹æµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 2012³â¿¡ °í¹®°ú »ìÀΰú Àηù¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Â ÁË·Î ¹ÞÀº 35³â ÃÖÃʼ±°í(original sentence)´Â Á¾½ÅÇüÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ³î¶óÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ȤÀº ±×°ÍÀ» µå·¯³»Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â Khmer Rouge Á¿ì¸í Áß¿¡¼ ±×¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÑ °ÍÀÎ ¡°³ÊÀÇ ½ÉÀå(µû¶æÇÑ °¨Á¤)À» Àý¸ê½ÃÄѶó.¡±¸¦ Àþ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹è¿ü¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ±× ½ÃÀýÀÇ µ¿±âÀ¯¹ßÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±âȸ°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é ±×´Â ¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀǸ¦ ¸î ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È Åä·ÐÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¶Ç ±×ÀÇ Ê£Ù£(°¡¸í)¿¡ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ÁýÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°Kaing Guek Eav¡±´Â ±×°¡ µÇµ¹¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ±× Á¶¿ëÇÑ ±³»çÀÇ À̸§À̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª "Duch"´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×ÀÇ ¼±»ý´ÔÀ» ±â»Ú°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´ø ºÎÁö·±ÇÑ ¼Ò³â, ±×¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¸ÅÀÏ ±× À̸§ À§¿¡ ¡°¹Ú»ì³»¶ó¡±, ¡°ÁöÄѶó¡±, ¡°¸ÕÁö°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö °¥¾Æ¶ó.¡±¶ó°í ½è¾ú´Ù.