2014년 12월 18일 유엔 총회에서 채택한 결의안

[유엔 제3위원회 보고서에 의거]

69/188. 북한 인권 상황

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유엔 총회는,

모든 국가가 국제사회와 약속했듯 自國民(자국민)의 인권을 보호하고 개선하며 근본적인 자유를 보장할 의무를 갖고 있다는 것을 재확인한다.

국제사회는 2013년 12월 18일 통과된 유엔 북한인권조사위원회(Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council on the Situation of Human Rights in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea·COI) 결의안 68/183, 2014년 3월 28일 상임이사국 결의안 25/25 등 북한 인권 상황과 관련된 여러 결의안에 국제사회가 공조해야 한다는 것을 재차 강조한다.

처벌받아야 할 인권유린犯(범)들이 처벌받지 않고 있는 북한의 상황에 큰 우려를 표한다.


COI 북한 인권보고서를 환영하며 보고서에 실린 사례 등에 깊은 우려를 표한다.

COI 보고서가 2014년 4월 14일 상임이사국에 소개된 것에도 유의한다.

북한 정부가 자국민을 反(반)인류적인 범죄로부터 보호해야 한다는 것을 다시 알린다.

유엔북한인권특별조사위원은 북한 정부가 그의 방문을 허가하지 않았고, 북한 정부로부터 어떠한 협조도 받지 못했다고 설명한 보고에 주목한다. 또한 유엔 사무총장이 결의안 68/183에 의거해 발표한 북한 인권 상황에 대한 심층 보고를 주목한다.

북한은 '시민적 및 정치적 권리에 관한 국제규약’ ‘경제적·사회적 및 문화적 권리에 관한 국제규약' '아동권리협약' '여성차별철폐협약' 가입국이며 이 네 협약을 관리하는 기관의 최종견해를 재확인한다.

북한 정부가 ‘장애인권리협약’과 아동 성매매, 아동 음란물 등을 금지하는 ‘아동권리협약 선택의정서’에 서명한 것을 환영하며 북한이 서둘러 이 협약을 비준하고 아동과 장애인의 권리를 존중할 것을 권고한다.

북한 정부가 유엔의 보편적 정례 검토에 참가키로 한 것과 유엔 인권 이사회의 268개 권고안 가운데 113개의 권고안은 수용하고 58개의 권고안에 대해서는 검토하겠다고 밝힌 것을 주목하며 북한 내에서 일어나는 심각한 인권유린 범죄를 실질적으로 개선할 것을 권고한다.

북한 내 보건 상황을 개선하기 위해 국제연합 아동기금(UNICEF)과 세계보건기구(WHO)와 협조하기로 한 북한 정부의 선택을 환영한다. 또한 UNICEF와 협력해 북한 아이들의 교육 환경을 개선하려는 움직임도 환영한다.

북한 정부에 대한 유엔개발계획(UNDP)이 주도하는 활동의 部分(부분) 再開(재개) 결정을 주목하고 있으며 북한정부가 국제사회와 공조해 도움이 필요한 사람들이 혜택을 받을 수 있도록 할 것을 권고한다.



북한이 유엔세계식량계획(WFP)과 국제연합식량농업기구(FAO)와 식량안전보장에 공조하는 것을 주목한다. 국가 차원의 변화와 일반 가정과 개인의 식량안전 및 영양 상태 파악의 중요성을 재차 강조하며 이를 통해 인도주의적 활동을 벌이는 원조자들이 신뢰가 생길 수 있도록 해야 한다. 세계식량계획과 개선 방안 등에 대해 합의를 한 북한정부의 선택에 주목한다. 또한 유엔의 모든 기관들의 국제적 기준에 상응하는 감시체계와 접근을 허용해야 하며 식량지원과 인도주의적 활동을 펼치는 국제 원조 기관들에 감사를 표한다.

북한 정부가 자행하는 외국인 납치 문제를 규탄하며 억류자를 조속히 석방하도록 권고한다. 2014년 5월 일본 정부와의 회담 결과를 주목하고 있으며 북한 정부가 납치된 사람들을 포함한 모든 일본인에 대한 구체적이고 긍정적인 조사 결과를 발표하기를 기대한다.

북한 내 인권과 인도주의적 문제를 개선하기 위한 남북정상 간 대화의 중요성을 강조한다.



2014년 2월 열린 南北(남북)이산가족 상봉을 환영한다. 이것은 모든 한국 사람들(注 南과 北)에 있어 매우 중요한 인도주의적 문제이며 북한 정부가 정례적으로 보다 큰 규모의 이산가족 상봉 행사를 여는 것에 합의하길 바란다.

1. COI 북한인권보고서와 2013년 3월 21일 발표된 유엔 인권 위원회 22/13 결의안이 설명하듯 북한 전역에서 오랜 기간 동안 계속돼 오는 체계적인 인권유린 범죄를 규탄한다. 또한 이들은 이러한 범죄가 反인도주의 범죄에 해당할 수 있으며 범죄자가 처벌받지 않고 있다고 밝혔다.

2. 아래 사항들에 대해 큰 우려를 표한다

(a) COI 보고서에 실린 아래의 사항들과 같은 인권유린 범죄들이 지속적으로 보고되고 있다.

(I) 고문을 비롯한 수모를 주는 등의 잔혹한 처벌 방법: 참혹한 수용소 상황, 강간, 공개처형, 사법절차를 거치지 않은 任意(임의) 수감, 공정한 재판의 기회와 사법부의 독립성이 갖춰지지 않은 사법절차의 不在(부재), 정치범이나 종교 등의 이유로 이뤄지는 死刑(사형). 3代(대)까지 이어지는 연좌제와 대규모의 수용소 운영.

(ii) 개인의 자유가 침해되고 개탄스러운 환경에 처해지며 심각한 인권유린 범죄가 자행되는 북한의 광범위한 정치범 수용소. 신속하고 무조건적으로 이 정치범들을 석방하고 수용소 운영을 금지하도록 북한정부에 권고한다.

(iii) 북한 주민 강제 移送(이송)과 내·외국 여행의 제한, 허락 없이 북한을 떠나는 사람이나 그의 가족, 혹은 재입국한 사람들에 대한 처벌.

(iv) 탈북자와 망명을 신청하는 사람이 북한으로 송환되고 수용소에 수감되고, 고문, 강간, 사형되는 등 反(반)인류적인 범죄. 모든 국가가 ‘농르풀망 원칙(Principle of Non-Refoulement, 注: 망명자를 박해가 우려되는 국가로 송환해서는 안 된다는 강제송환 금지의 원칙)을 따르고 망명 신청자를 유엔난민고등판무관 측에 인도할 것을 권고한다. 또한 모든 국가들이 1951년 난민조약과 1967년 난민의 지위에 관한 의정서에 따라 탈북자들을 대할 것을 권고한다.

(v) 사상, 종교, 의사 표현, 집회, 정보 접근과 사생활의 자유가 주어지지 않으며 이를 어길 시에는 고문당하거나 수감된다. 또한 정책 결정에 있어 투표의 자유도 없는 등 주민들에게 아무런 역할이 주어지지 않는다.

(vi) 경제, 사회, 문화의 자유가 침해당하고 있다. 여성, 아동, 장애인, 노인들은 특히나 영양실조와 광범위한 위생 및 보건 문제에 노출되고 있다.

(vii) 여성의 근본적인 자유와 인권 침해. 여성들을 강제로 해외로 보내 性(성)매매, 노예, 강제 결혼, 강제 낙태 등으로 이어지는 인신매매에 노출되게 한다. 이를 포함해 정치적, 사회적 환경이 여성 차별을 조장한다.

(viii) 아이들의 근본적인 자유와 인권 침해. 아이들은 기본적인 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 혜택을 받지 못하고 있다. 강제송환된 아이들, 꽃제비, 장애아동, 부모가 수감된 아이, 수용소 등에 수감된 아이들이 처한 상황.

(ix) 장애인들의 근본적인 자유와 인권 침해. 장애인들을 강제 수용하거나 移動(이동)의 자유를 뺏는다. 자식을 출산할 때도 제약이 따른다.

(x) 근로자 권리 침해. 집회 및 시위의 자유가 없으며 임금 협상권의 부재, 아동 노동 착취 등 북한이 가입한 '경제적·사회적 및 문화적 권리에 관한 국제규약'에 명시된 의무를 지키지 않고 있다. '아동권리협약'이 보장하는 아동을 경제적인 이유로 착취한다거나 위험한 환경에서 근무하지 못하게 하는 것을 지키지 않고 있다.

(xi) 가족, 정치성향, 종교 등을 바탕으로 매겨지는 계급 체계인 ‘성분’을 통한 차별.

(b) 북한은 인권상황을 조사하려는 유엔특별조사단의 권한을 인정하지 않을 뿐 아니라 협조하지 않고 있다.

(c) 북한 내 인권상황에 대해 인정하지 않고 있으며 보편적 정기검토에서 권고한 사항들을 시행하지 않고 있다.

(d) COI가 反인도적 범죄로 규정될 수 있다고 밝혔음에도 불구하고 북한 정부는 인권유린범들을 처벌하지 않고 있다.


3. 외국인을 비롯한 체계적으로 발생되는 납치, 납치자 송환 불허, 실종 등 현 북한 정부의 정책이 개선돼야 할 것을 권고한다. 국제사회가 우려하는 이런 일들을 당장 멈추고 납치자를 풀어줘야 한다.

4. 자연재해가 발생할時(시) 회복능력이 부족하기 때문에 인권상황이 더욱 악화될 수 있다는 점에 큰 우려를 표한다. 또한 정부 정책으로 인해 식량이 부족한 상황이다. 사회 구조적인 문제와 농사를 지을 수 있는 품목이 정해져 있는 등의 정부 방침으로 인해 수확량도 부족하다. 또한 임산부, 아동, 장애인, 노인들의 영양실조 상황도 심각하다. 북한 정부는 이 문제를 예방하고 해결할 수 있는 대책을 마련해야 한다. 국제사회가 원하는 인권 문제 감시에 협조하고 국제 원조기구의 지원을 받도록 권고한다.

5. 제한적인 정보였음에도 불구하고 유엔특별조사위원회가 여태껏 진행한 것들에 감사를 표한다.

6. COI의 활동에 감사를 표하며 보고서의 중요성을 강조한다. 또한 북한 정부에 대하여 북한 내 조사 허가를 비롯한 어떠한 협조도 받지 못한 것을 개탄스럽게 생각한다.

7. COI가 발표한 증언들과 정보들을 통해 反인도적 범죄가 북한 고위층에 의해 수년간 자행되고 있다고 판단할 타당한 근거가 마련됐다.

8. COI 보고서를 안보리 상임이사국에 보고하기로 결정하며 상임이사국 회원국들이 합당한 결론이나 권고를 내려 북한의 인권 상황을 국제형사재판소(ICC)에 提訴(제소)하는 것을 비롯해 책임을 물을 수 있기를 바란다. 또한 보고서가 발표한 이 反(반)인도적 범죄 행위들에 가장 큰 책임이 있는 사람에게 집중 제재를 가하는 방안을 검토하길 바란다.

9. 유엔인권최고대표사무소가 한국 내에서 북한 인권 상황을 감시하고 자료들을 수집해 온 것에 대해 감사를 표한다. 책임자를 색출하고 특별조사위원회에 도움을 주며 모든 국가들이 우려를 나타내는 정부의 상황을 파악하기 위해 시민단체들과 관계자들이 지속적인 연락체계 구축과 파견 활동 등을 통해 북한 인권 상황을 꾸준히 감시하길 바란다.

10. 유엔 회원국들에게 유엔인권고등판무관이 어떠한 위협이나 보복 없이 독립적으로 활동할 수 있게끔 협조하길 부탁한다.

11. 북한 정부가 북한 주민의 인권과 근본적인 자유를 보장하도록 권고한다. 또한

(a) 위에 설명된 체계적이고 광범위하며 심각한 인권유린 범죄를 중단하고 유엔 총회와 COI 결의안, 보편적 정례검토와 COI의 권고를 이행하라.

(b) 주민들을 보호하기 위해 인권유린범들을 독립적인 사법절차에 따라 처벌하라.

(c) 탈북자들을 대상으로 한 인신매매, 강탈 범죄자들은 처벌하되 이러한 일을 겪게 된 탈북자들은 보호하라.

(d) 강제 송환됐거나 再(재)입국한 탈북자들의 신변을 보호하라. 안전하게 돌아올 수 있도록 하고 인간적인 대우를 해주며 처벌을 받지 않도록 하라. 또한 그들이 처한 상황 등에 대해 정보를 제공하라.


(e) 특별조사위원회와 다른 유엔 인권기관들이 북한에서 방해받지 않고 자유롭게 활동할 수 있도록 협조해 제대로 된 조사가 진행될 수 있도록 하라.

(f) 유엔인권고등판무관과 북한의 인권상황을 개선할 수 있도록 협조하라. 또한 보편적 정례검토가 제시한 권고안을 이행하라.

(g) 국제노동기구와 협조하라.

(h) 유엔 인권 기관들과의 협조를 지속하고 강화하라.

(i) 인도적 식량을 받기 위해서는 인도주의 기관들이 공정하게 식량을 분배할 수 있도록 협조하라. 식량 안정 정책을 개선하라. 식량생산에 정부 지원을 늘리는 것을 비롯해 지속 가능한 농사 정책과 배급정책을 마련하고 인도주의적 지원을 위해 제대로 된 감시체계를 마련해라.

(j) 유엔이 북한 주민 실생활을 직접적으로 개선할 수 있도록 협조를 강화하라. 국제사회 감시와 평가를 통해 유엔 새천년개발목표(注:2000년 UN에서 채택된 의제로, 2015년까지 전세계의 빈곤을 반으로 줄이자는 범세계적 약속)를 이룰 수 있도록 하라.

(k) 아직 비준하지 않은 국제 인권 조약들에 가입할 것을 검토하라.


12. 어떠한 지체 없이 COI 권고안을 이행할 것을 촉구한다.

13. 모든 국가와 유엔 총회, 인권위원회, 고등판무관, 유엔 사무국, 시민사회단체, 재단, 기업 등 COI가 언급한 사람들은 모두 권고안을 따르길 바란다.

14. 북한 정부가 다른 나라들과 인권 상황에 대해 논의하겠다고 한 것을 긍정적으로 평가한다. 북한이 대화 상대와 실질적인 개선을 위해 노력하고 담당자의 북한 방문을 허용하는 등 얼굴을 보고 만나는 것을 늘리길 바란다.

15. 북한이 자국 내 인권 상황을 개선하기 위해 국제사회 관계자들과 대화를 한다거나 타국 등을 방문하는 등 사람 대 사람으로 만나는 일을 늘려 건설적인 방향으로 나가길 바란다.

16. 북한 인권 문제에 대해 계속 조사를 진행하고 70회 회기에서도 논의하기로 결정했다. 유엔 사무총장에게 북한 인권상황에 대한 심층 보고서를 부탁한다. 특별조사위원회가 새로운 사실과 권고안들을 계속 보고하고 COI 권고안과 25/25 결의안의 이행 여부를 계속 확인해 보고하길 바란다.

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<英文 전문>

Situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea


The General Assembly,
Reaffirming that all States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to fulfil the obligations that they have undertaken under the various international instruments,

Recalling all previous resolutions adopted by the General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including Assembly resolution 68/183 of 18 December 2013 and Council resolution 25/25 of 28 March 2014,1 and mindful of the need for the international community to strengthen its coordinated efforts aimed at achieving the implementation of those resolutions,

Deeply concerned at the grave human rights situation, the pervasive culture of impunity and the lack of accountability for human rights violations in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,

Welcoming the report of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, 2 and expressing grave concern at the detailed findings contained therein,

Noting the transmission of the report of the commission of inquiry to the Security Council on 14 April 2014, Recalling the responsibility of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to protect its population from crimes against humanity,

Taking note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, regretting that he still has not been allowed to visit the country and that he has received no cooperation from the authorities of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and taking note also of the comprehensive report of the Secretary-General on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea submitted in accordance with resolution 68/183,

Mindful that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and recalling the concluding observations of the treaty bodies under the four treaties,

Noting with appreciation the signature of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, encouraging the Government to take speedy steps to ratify the Convention and the Optional Protocol, and urging the Government to fully respect the rights of persons with disabilities and children,

Acknowledging the participation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in the second universal periodic review process, noting the Government’s acceptance of 113 out of the 268 recommendations contained in the outcome of the review and its stated commitment to implement them and look into the possibility of implementing a further 58 recommendations, and emphasizing the importance of the implementation of the recommendations in order to address the grave human rights violations in the country,

Noting with appreciation the collaboration established between the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Health Organization in order to improve the health situation in the country, and the collaboration established with the United Nations Children’s Fund in order to improve the quality of education for children,

Noting the decision on the resumption, on a modest scale, of the activities of the United Nations Development Programme in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and encouraging the engagement of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea with the international community to ensure that the programmes benefit the persons in need of assistance,

Noting also the cooperation between the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the World Food Programme, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on food security assessments, underscoring the importance of those assessments in analysing changes in the national, household and individual food security and nutritional situation and thereby in supporting donor confidence in the targeting of humanitarian programmes, noting further the letter of understanding signed by the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the World Food Programme and the importance of further improvements in operating conditions, bringing access and monitoring arrangements closer to international standards for all United Nations entities, and noting with appreciation the work of international aid operators,

Noting further the importance of the issue of international abductions and of the immediate return of all abductees, taking note of the outcome of the government-level consultation between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Japan in May 20014, and expecting concrete and positive results from the investigations being conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on all Japanese nationals, including victims of abduction,

Noting the importance of the inter-Korean dialogue, which could contribute to the improvement of the human rights and humanitarian situation in the country,

Welcoming the resumption of the reunions of separated families across the border in February 2014, and, given that this is an urgent humanitarian concern of the entire Korean people, hoping that necessary arrangements for further reunions on a larger scale and a regular basis will be made by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea and members of the Korean diaspora,


1.
Condemns the long-standing and ongoing systematic, widespread and gross violations of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including those which the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, established by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 22/13 of 21 March 2013, has said may amount to crimes against humanity, and the continuing impunity for such violations

2.
Expresses its very serious concern at:

(a)
The persistence of continuing reports of violations of human rights, including the detailed findings made by the commission of inquiry in its report, such as:

(i)
Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including inhuman conditions of detention rape public executions extrajudicial and arbitrary detention the absence of due process and the rule of law, including fair trial guarantees and an independent judiciary extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions the imposition of the death penalty for political and religious reasons collective punishments extending up to three generations and the extensive use of forced labour

(ii)
The existence of an extensive system of political prison camps, where a vast number of persons are deprived of their liberty and subjected to deplorable conditions and where alarming violations of human rights are perpetrated, and in this regard strongly urges the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to immediately end this practice and to release all political prisoners unconditionally and without any delay

(iii)
The forcible transfer of populations and the limitations imposed on every person who wishes to move freely within the country and travel abroad, including the punishment of those who leave or try to leave the country without permission, or their families, as well as punishment of persons who are returned

(iv)
The situation of refugees and asylum seekers expelled or returned to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and sanctions imposed on citizens of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who have been repatriated from abroad, leading to punishments of internment, torture, other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, sexual violence or the death penalty, and in this regard strongly urges all States to respect the fundamental principle of non-refoulement, to treat those who seek refuge humanely and to ensure unhindered access to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and his Office, with a view to protecting the human rights of those who seek refuge, and once again urges States parties to comply with their obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto in relation to refugees from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who are covered by those instruments

(v)
All-pervasive and severe restrictions on the freedoms of thought, conscience, religion or belief, opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, the right to privacy and equal access to information, by such means as the persecution, torture and imprisonment of individuals exercising their freedom of opinion and expression, religion or belief, and their families, and the right of everyone to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives, of his or her country

(vi)
Violations of economic, social and cultural rights, which have led to severe hunger, malnutrition, widespread health problems and other hardship for the population in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in particular for women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly

(vii)
Violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of women, in particular the creation of internal conditions that force women to leave the country and make them extremely vulnerable to trafficking in persons for the purpose of prostitution, domestic servitude or forced marriage and the subjection of women to forced abortions, gender-based discrimination, including in the political and social spheres, and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence

(viii)
Violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of children, in particular the continued lack of access to basic economic, social and cultural rights for many children, and in this regard notes the particularly vulnerable situation faced by, inter alia, returned or repatriated children, street children, children with disabilities, children whose parents are detained, children living in detention or in institutions and children in conflict with the law

(ix)
Violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities, especially in the use of collective camps and of coercive measures that target the rights of persons with disabilities to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children

(x)
Violations of workers’ rights, including the right to freedom of association and effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, the right to strike as defined by the obligations of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,and the prohibition of the economic exploitation of children and of any harmful or hazardous work of children as defined by the obligations of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea under the Convention on the Rights of the Child

(xi)
Discrimination based on the songbun system, which classifies people on the basis of State-assigned social class and birth, and also includes consideration of political opinions and religion

(b)
The continued refusal of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to recognize the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or to extend cooperation to the Special Rapporteur

(c)
The continued lack of acknowledgement by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea of the grave human rights situation in the country and its consequential lack of action to implement the recommendations contained in the outcome of its first universal periodic review

(d)
The failure of the authorities of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations, including violations which the commission of inquiry has said may amount to crimes against humanity


3.
Underscores its very serious concern at the systematic abduction, denial of repatriation and subsequent enforced disappearance of persons, including those from other countries, on a large scale and as a matter of State policy, and in this regard strongly calls upon the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea urgently to resolve these issues of international concern, in a transparent manner, including by ensuring the immediate return of abductees

4.
Expresses its very deep concern at the precarious humanitarian situation in the country, which could rapidly deteriorate owing to limited resilience to natural disasters and to government policies causing limitations in the availability of and access to food, compounded by structural weaknesses in agricultural production resulting in significant shortages of diversified food and the State restrictions on the cultivation and trade in foodstuffs, as well as the prevalence of chronic malnutrition, particularly among the most vulnerable groups, pregnant women, children, persons with disabilities and the elderly, and urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in this regard, to take preventive and remedial action, cooperating where necessary with international donor agencies and in accordance with international standards for monitoring humanitarian assistance

5.
Commends the Special Rapporteur for the activities undertaken so far and for his continued efforts in the conduct of his mandate despite the denial of access

6.
Also commends the work of the commission of inquiry and recognizes the importance of its report, and regrets that the commission received no cooperation from the authorities of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including with regard to access to the country

7.
Acknowledges the commission’s finding that the body of testimony gathered and the information received provide reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, pursuant to policies established at the highest level of the State for decades

8.
Decides to submit the report of the commission of inquiry to the Security Council, and encourages the Council to consider the relevant conclusions and recommendations of the commission and take appropriate action to ensure accountability, including through consideration of referral of the situation in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the International Criminal Court and consideration of the scope for effective targeted sanctions against those who appear to be most responsible for acts that the commission has said may constitute crimes against humanity

9.
Welcomes the steps taken by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights towards establishing a field-based structure in the Republic of Korea to strengthen the monitoring and documentation of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, to ensure accountability, to provide the Special Rapporteur with increased support, to enhance the engagement and capacity-building of the Governments of all States concerned, civil society and other stakeholders and to maintain the visibility of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including through sustained communications, advocacy and outreach initiatives

10. Calls upon Member States to undertake to ensure that the field-based structure of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights can function with independence, that it has sufficient resources and that it is not subjected to any reprisals or threats

11.
Strongly urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to respect fully all human rights and fundamental freedoms and, in this regard:

(a)
To immediately put an end to the systematic, widespread and grave violations of human rights emphasized above, inter alia, by implementing fully the measures set out in the above-mentioned resolutions of the General Assembly, the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council, and the recommendations addressed to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by the Council in the context of the universal periodic review and by the commission of inquiry, the United Nations special procedures and treaty bodies

(b)
To protect its inhabitants, address the issue of impunity and ensure that those responsible for violations of human rights are brought to justice before an independent judiciary

(c)
To tackle the root causes leading to refugee outflows and prosecute those who exploit refugees by human smuggling, trafficking and extortion, while not criminalizing the victims

(d)
To ensure that citizens of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea who are expelled or returned to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea are able to return in safety and dignity, are treated humanely and are not subjected to any kind of punishment, and to provide information on their status and treatment

(e)
To extend its full cooperation to the Special Rapporteur, including by granting him full, free and unimpeded access to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and to other United Nations human rights mechanisms so that a full needs assessment of the human rights situation may be made

(f)
To engage in technical cooperation activities in the field of human rights with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and his Office, as pursued by the High Commissioner in recent years, with a view to improving the situation of human rights in the country, and to strive to implement the accepted
recommendations stemming from the universal periodic review

(g)
To engage in cooperation with the International Labour Organization

(h)
To continue and reinforce its cooperation with United Nations humanitarian agencies

(i)
To ensure full, safe and unhindered access to humanitarian aid and take measures to allow humanitarian agencies to secure its impartial delivery to all parts of the country on the basis of need in accordance with humanitarian principles, as it pledged to do, and to ensure access to adequate food and implement more effective food security policies, including through sustainable agriculture, sound food production distribution measures and the allocation of more funds to the food sector, and to ensure adequate monitoring of humanitarian assistance

(j)
To further improve cooperation with the United Nations country team and development agencies so that they can directly contribute to improving the living conditions of the civilian population, including accelerating progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, in accordance with international monitoring and evaluation procedures

(k)
To consider ratifying and acceding to remaining international human rights treaties, which would enable a dialogue with the human rights treaty bodies

12.
Urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to implement the recommendations of the commission of inquiry without delay

13.
Encourages all Member States, the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Secretariat, civil society organizations, foundations and engaged business enterprises and other stakeholders towards which the commission of inquiry has directed recommendations to implement or take forward those recommendations

14.
Welcomes the recent willingness expressed by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to consider human rights dialogues with States, and groups of States, technical cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and a country visit of the Special Rapporteur

15.
Calls upon the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to continue engaging constructively with international interlocutors with a view to promoting concrete improvements in the human rights situation on the ground, including through dialogues, official visits to the country and more people-to-people contact

16.
Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea at its seventieth session, and to this end requests the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report on the situation in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and requests the Special Rapporteur to continue to report his findings and recommendations, as well as to report on the follow-up to the implementation of the recommendations of the commission of inquiry, in line with Human Rights Council resolution 25/25.